Midwest Biomedical Research, Suite 3, Addison, IL, USA.
Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, 83209, USA.
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022 Sep;24(9):1093-1100. doi: 10.1007/s11886-022-01731-3. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) and ketogenic diets (KDs) have been used for weight loss and more recently in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The impact of VLC and KDs on lipids/lipoproteins is a concern. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of KDs on body weight and lipids/lipoproteins.
VLC/KDs contribute to greater weight loss in the short term (< 6 months) compared to higher carbohydrate diets, but there is typically no difference between the diets by 12 months. Triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels generally improve, but there is a variable response in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with some individuals experiencing a dramatic increase, particularly those with latent genetic dyslipidemias. Healthcare professionals should educate patients on the risks and benefits of following VLC/KDs and encourage the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods associated with positive health outcomes.
极低碳水化合物（VLC）和生酮饮食（KDs）已被用于减肥，最近也用于治疗胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病患者。VLC 和 KDs 对血脂/脂蛋白的影响令人关注。本综述的目的是讨论 KDs 对体重和血脂/脂蛋白的影响。
与高碳水化合物饮食相比，VLC/KD 在短期内（<6 个月）有助于更大程度地减轻体重，但 12 个月后两种饮食之间通常没有差异。甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平通常会改善，但低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的反应不同，一些人会出现明显升高，特别是那些有潜在遗传性血脂异常的人。医疗保健专业人员应教育患者遵循 VLC/KD 的风险和益处，并鼓励他们食用与健康结果呈正相关的富含碳水化合物的食物。
