性限染色体和非生殖特征。

Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.

BMC Biol. 2022 Jul 6;20(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s12915-022-01357-5.

Sex chromosomes are typically viewed as having originated from a pair of autosomes, and differentiated as the sex-limited chromosome (e.g. Y) has degenerated by losing most genes through cessation of recombination. While often thought that degenerated sex-limited chromosomes primarily affect traits involved in sex determination and sex cell production, accumulating evidence suggests they also influence traits not sex-limited or directly involved in reproduction. Here, we provide an overview of the effects of sex-limited chromosomes on non-reproductive traits in XY, ZW or UV sex determination systems, and discuss evolutionary processes maintaining variation at sex-limited chromosomes and molecular mechanisms affecting non-reproductive traits.

性染色体通常被认为起源于一对常染色体，并分化为性限染色体（例如 Y 染色体），由于重组的停止，大多数基因丢失而退化。虽然人们通常认为退化的性限染色体主要影响涉及性别决定和性细胞产生的特征，但越来越多的证据表明，它们也影响非性限或不直接参与生殖的特征。在这里，我们概述了 XY、ZW 或 UV 性别决定系统中性限染色体对非生殖特征的影响，并讨论了维持性限染色体变异的进化过程和影响非生殖特征的分子机制。