Pellegrini Danielle, Grennan Laura, Bhatnagar Neera, McVey Gail, Couturier Jennifer
McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J Eat Disord. 2022 Jul 6;10(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s40337-022-00616-8.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a necessity for eating disorder (ED) outpatient treatment to be delivered virtually. Given this transition, and the surge in new ED cases, there was an urgent need to investigate virtually delivered ED prevention programs. This review aimed to identify the available evidence on virtual ED prevention programs for children, adolescents, and emerging adults.
Using scoping review methodology, seven databases were searched for studies published from January 2000 to April 2021 reporting on virtually delivered ED prevention interventions for children and adolescents (< 18 years) and emerging adults (18-25 years). Studies were excluded if they contained adults (> 25 years) and individuals with clinical ED diagnoses. Abstracts and full-text papers were reviewed independently by two reviewers. Data was extracted on study type, methodology, age, sample size, virtual intervention, outcomes, and results. In April 2022, we used a forward citation chaining process to identify any relevant articles from April 2021 to April 2022.
Of 5129 unique studies identified, 67 met eligibility criteria, which included asynchronous (n = 35) and synchronous (n = 18) internet-based programs, other e-technology including mobile apps (n = 3) and text messaging interventions (n = 1), computer-based programs (n = 6), and online caregiver interventions focused on child outcomes (n = 4). Few studies mainly included children and adolescents (n = 18), whereas the vast majority included emerging adults (n = 49). For children and adolescents, the most widely researched programs were Student Bodies and its adapted versions (n = 4), eBody Project (n = 2), and Parents Act Now (n = 2). For emerging adults, the most widely researched programs were Student Bodies and its adapted versions (n = 16), eBody Project (n = 6) and Expand Your Horizon (n = 4). These interventions were effective at reducing various symptoms and ED risk. Some studies demonstrated that virtual prevention intervention efficacy resembled in-person delivery.
Virtual prevention interventions for EDs can be effective, however more research is needed studying their impact on children and adolescents and on improving access for vulnerable groups. Additional efficacy studies are required, such as for text messaging and mobile app ED prevention interventions. Evidence-based recommendations for virtual ED prevention for children, adolescents, and emerging adults at-risk for EDs should be prioritized.
在新冠疫情期间，有必要以虚拟方式提供饮食失调（ED）门诊治疗。鉴于这一转变以及新的饮食失调病例激增，迫切需要对虚拟提供的饮食失调预防项目进行调查。本综述旨在确定有关针对儿童、青少年和青年成人的虚拟饮食失调预防项目的现有证据。
采用范围综述方法，检索了七个数据库，以查找2000年1月至2021年4月发表的关于针对儿童和青少年（<18岁）以及青年成人（18 - 25岁）虚拟提供的饮食失调预防干预措施的研究。如果研究包含成年人（>25岁）和临床诊断为饮食失调的个体，则将其排除。两位评审员独立审查摘要和全文论文。提取了关于研究类型、方法、年龄、样本量、虚拟干预、结果和结论的数据。2022年4月，我们使用了向前引文链接过程来识别2021年4月至2022年4月期间的任何相关文章。
在确定的5129项独特研究中，67项符合纳入标准，其中包括异步（n = 35）和同步（n = 18）的基于互联网的项目、其他电子技术，包括移动应用程序（n = 3）和短信干预（n = 1）、基于计算机的项目（n = 6）以及关注儿童结果的在线照顾者干预（n = 4）。少数研究主要纳入儿童和青少年（n = 18），而绝大多数纳入青年成人（n = 49）。对于儿童和青少年，研究最广泛的项目是“学生健康”及其改编版本（n = 4）、“电子身体计划”（n = 2）和“家长立即行动”（n = 2）。对于青年成人，研究最广泛的项目是“学生健康”及其改编版本（n = 16）、“电子身体计划”（n = 6）和“拓展视野”（n = 4）。这些干预措施在减轻各种症状和饮食失调风险方面有效。一些研究表明，虚拟预防干预的效果与面对面提供相似。
饮食失调的虚拟预防干预可能有效，然而，需要更多研究来探讨其对儿童和青少年的影响以及改善弱势群体的可及性。还需要进行更多的疗效研究，例如针对短信和移动应用程序饮食失调预防干预的研究。应优先为有饮食失调风险的儿童、青少年和青年成人制定基于证据的虚拟饮食失调预防建议。
