Chae Seon Yeong, Park Rowoon, Hong Suck Won
Engineering Research Center for Color-Modulated Extra-Sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
Biomater Res. 2022 Jul 6;26(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s40824-022-00276-4.
Astaxanthin (AST) is known as a powerful antioxidant that affects the removal of active oxygen and inhibits the production of lipid peroxide caused by ultraviolet light. However, it is easily decomposed by heat or light during production and storage because of the unsaturated compound nature with a structural double bond. The activity of AST can be reduced and lose its antioxidant capability. Graphene oxide (GO) is an ultrathin nanomaterial produced by oxidizing layered graphite. The chemical combination of AST with GO can improve the dispersion properties to maintain structural stability and antioxidant activity because of the tightly bonded functionalized GO surface.
Layered GO films were used as nanocarriers for the AST molecule, which was produced via flow-enabled self-assembly and subsequent controlled solution deposition of RGD peptide and AST molecules. Synthesis of the GO-AST complex was also carried out for the optimized concentration. The characterization of prepared materials was analyzed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscope (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was tested by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The antibacterial effect and antioxidant effects were monitored for the ultrathin GO/RGD/AST Film. Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects on L-929 fibroblasts.
Cotreatment of GO-AST solution demonstrated a high antioxidant combined effect with a high ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging activity. The GO/RGD/AST film was produced by the self-assembly process exhibited excellent antibacterial effects based on physicochemical damage against E. coli and S. aureus. In addition, the GO/RGD/AST film inhibited HO-induced intracellular ROS, suppressed the toxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cells, and restored it, thereby exhibiting strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
As GO nanocarrier-assisted AST exerted promising antioxidant and antibacterial reactions, presented a new concept to expand basic research into the field of tissue engineering.
虾青素（AST）是一种强大的抗氧化剂，可影响活性氧的清除，并抑制紫外线引起的脂质过氧化物的产生。然而，由于其具有结构双键的不饱和化合物性质，在生产和储存过程中容易因热或光而分解。AST的活性会降低并失去其抗氧化能力。氧化石墨烯（GO）是通过氧化层状石墨制备的超薄纳米材料。由于功能化的GO表面紧密结合，AST与GO的化学结合可以改善分散性能，以保持结构稳定性和抗氧化活性。
将层状GO膜用作AST分子的纳米载体，通过流动自组装以及随后RGD肽和AST分子的可控溶液沉积来制备。还针对优化浓度进行了GO-AST复合物的合成。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和拉曼光谱对制备的材料进行表征。通过2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）和2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）测定来测试抗氧化活性。监测超薄GO/RGD/AST膜的抗菌效果和抗氧化效果。此外，使用活性氧（ROS）测定来评估对L-929成纤维细胞的抗炎作用。
GO-AST溶液的联合处理表现出高抗氧化联合效应以及高ABTS和DPPH自由基清除活性。通过自组装过程制备 的GO/RGD/AST膜基于对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的物理化学损伤表现出优异的抗菌效果。此外，GO/RGD/AST膜抑制了HO诱导的细胞内ROS，抑制了脂多糖（LPS）诱导的细胞毒性并使其恢复，从而表现出强大的抗氧化和抗炎作用。
由于GO纳米载体辅助的AST发挥了有前景的抗氧化和抗菌反应，为将基础研究扩展到组织工程领域提出了一个新概念。
