Universität Regensburg, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Lehrstuhl Biochemie III, Regensburg, Germany.
TUM ForTe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2533:63-70. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2501-9_4.
In archaea and bacteria the major classes of RNAs are synthesized by one DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP). In contrast, most eukaryotes have three highly specialized RNAPs to transcribe the nuclear genome. RNAP I synthesizes almost exclusively ribosomal (r)RNA, RNAP II synthesizes mRNA as well as many noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing or RNA silencing pathways and RNAP III synthesizes mainly tRNA and 5S rRNA. This review discusses functional differences of the three nuclear core RNAPs in the yeast S. cerevisiae with a particular focus on RNAP I transcription of nucleolar ribosomal (r)DNA chromatin.
在古菌和细菌中，RNA 的主要类型由一种依赖于 DNA 的 RNA 聚合酶（RNAP）合成。相比之下，大多数真核生物有三种高度专业化的 RNA 聚合酶来转录核基因组。RNAP I 几乎专门合成核糖体（r）RNA，RNAP II 合成 mRNA 以及许多参与 RNA 加工或 RNA 沉默途径的非编码 RNA，而 RNAP III 主要合成 tRNA 和 5S rRNA。这篇综述讨论了酿酒酵母中三种核核心 RNA 聚合酶的功能差异，特别关注核仁核糖体（r）DNA 染色质的 RNAP I 转录。
