Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo City, Japan.
Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo City, Japan.
J Am Nutr Assoc. 2024 Feb;43(2):157-166. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2241129. Epub 2023 Aug 14.
In 2011, the Japanese government issued nutritional reference values for energy; protein; vitamins B, B, and C; and salt to deal with poor meal quality in evacuation shelters. Because they were not widely used owing to their impracticality, the authors had examined the values according to the experience-based opinions of public health dietitians. Furthermore, we developed a usage tool containing a model menu that meets these values. This study aimed to confirm the usability of these revised values and model menus and collect ideas for improvement.
We conducted 8 semi-structured group interviews with 12 dietitians, 9 disaster management officers, and 2 public health nurses in local governments supposed to have been affected by a large-scale disaster.
New reference values were highly evaluated by most participants. Interviewees said that model menus were helpful for evacuees or disaster officers who are unfamiliar with nutrition because they show combinations of food items that meet the reference values instead of the amounts of energy and nutrients. To improve their understanding, it was suggested that food items be categorized by staples, main dishes, and side dishes, encouraging them to complete these three components of a balanced diet. Because it was difficult to meet all the reference values in the immediate aftermath of the disaster, it was suggested that the time-dependent priority of each nutrient and model menus that supply the nutrient should be shown by disaster phases along with the assumed availability of utility for cooking in each phase.
The new reference values were feasible to meet during emergencies. Although model menus were also appreciated, further improvements were necessary for better understanding.
2011 年，日本政府发布了能量、蛋白质、维生素 B₁、B₂、B₆ 和 C 以及盐的营养参考值，以应对避难所中较差的膳食质量。由于这些参考值不切实际，并未得到广泛应用，因此作者根据公共卫生营养师的经验性意见对其进行了检验。此外，我们还开发了一个包含符合这些值的模型菜单的使用工具。本研究旨在确认这些经修订的参考值和模型菜单的可用性，并收集改进意见。
我们对 12 名营养师、9 名灾害管理人员和 2 名当地政府的公共卫生护士进行了 8 次半结构化小组访谈，这些地方政府都被认为受到了大规模灾害的影响。
大多数参与者高度评价了新的参考值。受访者表示，模型菜单对于不熟悉营养的避难者或灾害管理人员很有帮助，因为它们展示了符合参考值的食物组合，而不是能量和营养素的数量。为了提高他们的理解，有人建议按主食、主菜和配菜对食物进行分类，鼓励他们完成均衡饮食的这三个组成部分。由于在灾害发生后的短期内很难满足所有的参考值，因此有人建议根据灾害阶段显示每种营养素的时间相关优先级，并显示在每个阶段可用的烹饪用具情况下供应营养素的模型菜单。
新的参考值在紧急情况下是可行的。虽然模型菜单也受到了赞赏，但为了更好地理解，还需要进一步改进。
