Hannigan J H, Blanchard B A, Riley E P
Behav Neural Biol. 1987 Mar;47(2):173-85. doi: 10.1016/s0163-1047(87)90299-8.
The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on grooming, locomotion, and rearing in response to stress were examined in adult rats whose mothers consumed a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol-derived calories (EDC). Offspring of both pair-fed 0% EDC mothers and ad libitum chow-fed mothers were included as controls. In Experiment 1, females groomed more than males following placement into a novel test chamber, but no differences due to prenatal treatment were observed. Ethanol-exposed animals groomed more than controls following the stress of a forced 1-min swim (Experiment 2), but when rats tested in Experiment 1 were observed again after forced swim stress (Experiment 3), no differences due to prenatal treatment or sex were observed. Experiment 4 examined the effects of pretreatment with 1 mg/kg naloxone on novelty-induced grooming and as in Experiment 1 prenatal treatment did not affect grooming responses. Females again groomed significantly more than males and naloxone reduced grooming equally for all groups. The results suggest that novelty-induced grooming is a sex-influenced behavior, with females grooming more than males, and that animals exposed prenatally to alcohol and tested as adults may have altered responses to certain stressors (i.e., forced swim) under specific conditions. The altered grooming response of alcohol-exposed rats to swim stress can be eliminated by preexposing them to novelty stress.
对成年大鼠进行了研究，这些大鼠的母亲食用了含35%乙醇衍生热量（EDC）的液体饲料，以考察产前酒精暴露对梳理毛发、运动和对应激反应的竖毛行为的影响。将成对喂食0% EDC母亲的后代和自由采食普通饲料母亲的后代作为对照。在实验1中，将大鼠放入新的测试箱后，雌性大鼠比雄性大鼠梳理毛发的次数更多，但未观察到产前处理造成的差异。在强迫游泳1分钟的应激后，暴露于乙醇的动物比对照梳理毛发的次数更多（实验2），但当在实验1中测试的大鼠在强迫游泳应激后再次观察时（实验3），未观察到产前处理或性别的差异。实验4考察了用1毫克/千克纳洛酮预处理对新奇诱导的梳理毛发行为的影响，和在实验1中一样，产前处理不影响梳理毛发反应。雌性大鼠再次比雄性大鼠梳理毛发的次数显著更多，纳洛酮对所有组的梳理毛发行为的减少作用相同。结果表明，新奇诱导的梳理毛发行为是一种受性别影响的行为，雌性比雄性梳理毛发的次数更多，产前暴露于酒精且成年后接受测试的动物在特定条件下可能对应激源（即强迫游泳）的反应有所改变。通过使暴露于酒精的大鼠预先暴露于新奇应激，可以消除其对游泳应激改变的梳理毛发反应。
