Scarmeas Nikolaos, MD, PhD, Vasilisis Sofias 72, Athens, Athens, Greece, 115 28, Phone: + 30 2107289310, Fax: + 30 2107289310, Email:
J Frailty Aging. 2022;11(3):250-255. doi: 10.14283/jfa.2022.39.
Previous frailty studies found higher prevalence of frailty in female than in male participants. This was mainly attributed to the fact that compared to men, women show increased longevity. Recent studies have reported that the observed difference between sexes applies irrespectively of the age of older people.
To provide data on sex differences in incident frailty by applying both phenotypic and multi-domain frailty measures in the same population of Greek community-dwelling older people.
Longitudinal study.
Data were drawn from the Hellenic longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD), a population-based, multidisciplinary study designed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of dementia in the Greek population.
1104 participants aged 65 year and above were included in this longitudinal study. This incidence cohort was re-evaluated after a mean follow-up period of 3.04±0.90 years.
Frailty was operationalized using 5 different definitions in the same population: the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) definition, the FRAIL Scale, the Frailty Index (FI), the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the Groningen Frailty Index (GFI). Frailty incidence was calculated a) for the whole sample, b) separately for men and women and c) after both age and sex stratification.
Age and sex stratification revealed that irrespective of age and frailty measurement, women showed higher incidence rates of frailty than men. Specifically, frailty seems to be a condition concerning women >65 years old, but when it comes to men, it is more frequent in those aged more than 75 years old. Finally, in relation to overall frailty incidence and comparing our results to previous studies, we detected a lower frailty incidence in the Greek population.
Differences between the two sexes indicate that when exploring the factors that are related to frailty, studies should provide data disaggregated for men and women.
先前的虚弱研究发现，女性参与者比男性参与者更容易出现虚弱。这主要归因于一个事实，即与男性相比，女性的寿命更长。最近的研究报告称，这种性别差异的观察结果适用于老年人的任何年龄段。
通过在同一希腊社区居住的老年人人群中应用表型和多领域虚弱测量方法，提供虚弱发生率的性别差异数据。
纵向研究。
数据来自希腊老龄化和饮食纵向研究（HELIAD），这是一项基于人群的多学科研究，旨在估计希腊人群中痴呆症的患病率和发病率。
1104 名年龄在 65 岁及以上的参与者被纳入这项纵向研究。在平均 3.04±0.90 年的随访后，对这一发生率队列进行了重新评估。
在同一人群中使用 5 种不同定义来操作虚弱：Fried 虚弱表型（FFP）定义、FRAIL 量表、虚弱指数（FI）、蒂尔堡虚弱指标（TFI）和格罗宁根虚弱指数（GFI）。虚弱发生率按以下三种方式计算：a）整个样本，b）分别按男性和女性，c）按年龄和性别分层。
年龄和性别分层显示，无论年龄和虚弱测量如何，女性的虚弱发生率都高于男性。具体而言，虚弱似乎是 65 岁以上女性的一种状况，但对于男性，75 岁以上的男性更为常见。最后，关于总体虚弱发生率，并将我们的结果与先前的研究进行比较，我们发现希腊人群的虚弱发生率较低。
两性之间的差异表明，在探索与虚弱相关的因素时，研究应提供按性别细分的数据。
