Skubiszewska Agnieszka, Broczek Katarzyna, Maruniak-Chudek Iwona, Oledzka Gabriela, Jonas Marta Izabela, Puzianowska-Kuznicka Monika, Mossakowska Malgorzata
Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland.
Study on Ageing and Longevity, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
Geriatrics (Basel). 2024 Jan 18;9(1):14. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics9010014.
Frailty is a major geriatric problem leading to an increased risk of disability and death. Prevention, identification, and treatment of frailty are important challenges in gerontology and public health. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the frailty phenotype (FP) among the oldest-old Polish Caucasians and investigate the relationship between the FP and mortality. Baseline data were collected from 289 long-lived individuals, including 87 centenarians and 202 subjects aged 94-99. Mortality was obtained from population registers over the following 5 years. Sixty percent of subjects were classified as frail, 33% as prefrail, and 7% as robust. Frailty was more common in women than men and among centenarians than nonagenarians. During the 5-year observation period, 92.6% of the frail women and all frail men died, while mortality rates were lower among prefrail, 78.8% and 66.7%, and robust individuals, 60% and 54.5%, respectively. In the survival analysis, frailty was the strongest negative risk factor: HR = 0.328 (95% CI: 0.200-0.539). The inability to perform handgrip strength measurement was an additional predictor of short survival. In conclusion, the FP is prevalent in nonagenarians and centenarians and correlates with lower survivability. Future studies should address differences between unavoidable age-associated frailty and reversible disability in long-lived individuals.
衰弱是一个主要的老年问题，会导致残疾和死亡风险增加。衰弱的预防、识别和治疗是老年医学和公共卫生领域的重要挑战。本研究旨在估计波兰最年长者中衰弱表型（FP）的患病率，并调查FP与死亡率之间的关系。收集了289名长寿个体的基线数据，包括87名百岁老人和202名94 - 99岁的受试者。通过人口登记册获取接下来5年的死亡率数据。60%的受试者被归类为衰弱，33%为衰弱前期，7%为健壮。衰弱在女性中比男性更常见，在百岁老人中比九旬老人更常见。在5年观察期内，92.6%的衰弱女性和所有衰弱男性死亡，而衰弱前期个体的死亡率较低，分别为78.8%和66.7%，健壮个体的死亡率分别为60%和54.5%。在生存分析中，衰弱是最强的负性风险因素：HR = 0.328（95%CI：0.200 - 0.539）。无法进行握力测量是生存时间短的另一个预测因素。总之，FP在九旬老人和百岁老人中普遍存在，且与较低的生存率相关。未来的研究应关注长寿个体中不可避免的年龄相关衰弱和可逆性残疾之间的差异。
