Li Jing, Yan Han, Xiang Rui, Yang Weili, Ye Jingjing, Yin Ruili, Yang Jichun, Chi Yujing
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Front Physiol. 2022 Jun 21;13:918042. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.918042. eCollection 2022.
Diabetes (DM), especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has become one of the major diseases severely threatening public health worldwide. Islet beta cell dysfunctions and peripheral insulin resistance including liver and muscle metabolic disorder play decisive roles in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Particularly, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis due to insulin deficiency or resistance is the central event in the development of fasting hyperglycemia. To maintain or restore the functions of islet beta cells and suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis is crucial for delaying or even stopping the progression of T2DM and diabetic complications. As the key energy outcome of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays vital roles in the process of almost all the biological activities including metabolic regulation. Cellular adenosine triphosphate participates intracellular energy transfer in all forms of life. Recently, it had also been revealed that ATP can be released by islet beta cells and hepatocytes, and the released ATP and its degraded products including ADP, AMP and adenosine act as important signaling molecules to regulate islet beta cell functions and hepatic glycolipid metabolism via the activation of P2 receptors (ATP receptors). In this review, the latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular ATP in regulating islet functions and hepatic glycolipid metabolism would be briefly summarized and discussed.
糖尿病（DM），尤其是2型糖尿病（T2DM）已成为严重威胁全球公众健康的主要疾病之一。胰岛β细胞功能障碍以及包括肝脏和肌肉代谢紊乱在内的外周胰岛素抵抗在T2DM的发病机制中起决定性作用。特别是，由于胰岛素缺乏或抵抗导致的肝糖异生增加是空腹血糖升高发展过程中的核心事件。维持或恢复胰岛β细胞功能并抑制肝糖异生对于延缓甚至阻止T2DM及糖尿病并发症的进展至关重要。作为线粒体氧化磷酸化的关键能量产物，三磷酸腺苷（ATP）在几乎所有生物活动过程中，包括代谢调节中都起着至关重要的作用。细胞三磷酸腺苷在所有生命形式中参与细胞内能量传递。最近，还发现胰岛β细胞和肝细胞可释放ATP，释放的ATP及其降解产物包括ADP、AMP和腺苷作为重要的信号分子，通过激活P2受体（ATP受体）来调节胰岛β细胞功能和肝脏糖脂代谢。在本综述中，将简要总结和讨论关于细胞内和细胞外ATP在调节胰岛功能和肝脏糖脂代谢中的作用及机制的最新研究结果。
