Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
Interdisiplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
Small. 2022 Jul;18(30):e2201417. doi: 10.1002/smll.202201417. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
Plants are anatomically and physiologically different from humans and animals; however, there are several possibilities to utilize the unique structures and physiological systems of plants and adapt them to new emerging technologies through a strategic biomimetic approach. Moreover, plants provide safe and sustainable results that can potentially solve the problem of mass-producing practical materials with hazardous and toxic side effects, particularly in the biomedical field, which requires high biocompatibility. In this review, it is investigated how micro-nanostructures available in plants (e.g., nanoparticles, nanofibers and their composites, nanoporous materials, and natural micromotors) are adapted and utilized in the design of suitable materials for a micro-nanorobot platform. How plants' work on micro- and nanoscale systems (e.g., surface roughness, osmotically induced movements such as nastic and tropic, and energy conversion and harvesting) that are unique to plants, can provide functionality on the platform and become further prospective resources are examined. Furthermore, implementation across organisms and fields, which is promising for future practical applications of the plant-actuated micro-nanorobot platform, especially on biomedical applications, is discussed. Finally, the challenges following its implementation in the micro-nanorobot platform are also presented to provide advanced adaptation in the future.
植物在解剖学和生理学上与人类和动物不同；然而，通过战略性的仿生方法，有几种可能性可以利用植物独特的结构和生理系统，并将其应用于新兴技术。此外，植物提供了安全且可持续的结果，有可能解决大规模生产具有危险和毒性副作用的实用材料的问题，特别是在需要高度生物相容性的生物医学领域。在这篇综述中，研究了植物中存在的微纳结构（例如，纳米颗粒、纳米纤维及其复合材料、纳米多孔材料和天然微型马达）如何适应和用于设计适用于微纳米机器人平台的材料。还研究了植物在微观和纳米系统上的工作（例如，表面粗糙度、由渗透作用引起的运动，如向性运动和感性运动，以及能量转换和收集），这些工作是植物特有的，如何在平台上提供功能，并成为进一步有前景的资源。此外，还讨论了跨生物体和领域的实施情况，这对植物驱动的微纳米机器人平台的未来实际应用具有很大的前景，特别是在生物医学应用方面。最后，还提出了在微纳米机器人平台中实施该平台所面临的挑战，以提供未来的高级适应。
