University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Section of Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
University of Groningen, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2022 Nov;64(11):1344-1350. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15333. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by altered development of the social brain with prominent atypical features in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortex and cerebellum. Early signs of ASD emerge between 6 and 12 months: reduced social communication, slightly less advanced motor development, and repetitive behaviour. The fronto-temporo-parietal cortex and cerebellum play a prominent role in the development of social communication, whereas fronto-parietal-cerebellar networks are involved in the planning of movements, that is, movement selection. Atypical sensory responsivity, a core feature of ASD, may result in impaired development of social communication and motor skills and/or selection of atypical repetitive behaviour. In the first postnatal year, the brain areas involved are characterized by gradual dissolution of temporary structures: the fronto-temporo-parietal cortical subplate and cerebellar external granular layer. It is hypothesized that altered dissolution of the transient structures opens the window for the expression of early signs of ASD arising in the impaired developing permanent networks. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The early social and motor signs of autism spectrum disorder emerge between the ages of 6 and 12 months. Altered dissolution of transient brain structures in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortex and cerebellum may underlie the emergence of these early signs.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的特征是社会大脑的发育异常，额颞顶枕和小脑表现出明显的非典型特征。ASD 的早期迹象出现在 6 至 12 个月之间：社交沟通减少，运动发育略慢，以及重复行为。额颞顶枕和小脑在社交沟通的发展中起着重要作用，而额顶-小脑网络则参与运动的规划，即运动选择。自闭症的核心特征之一是感觉反应异常，可能导致社交沟通和运动技能发育不良和/或选择异常的重复行为。在出生后的第一年，涉及的大脑区域的特点是暂时结构逐渐消失：额颞顶枕皮质基板和小脑外颗粒层。据推测，短暂结构的异常溶解为在发育中的永久性网络受损时出现的 ASD 早期迹象的表达开辟了窗口。本文的新发现：自闭症谱系障碍的早期社交和运动迹象出现在 6 至 12 个月之间。额颞顶枕和小脑的短暂脑结构的异常溶解可能是这些早期迹象出现的基础。
