Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022 Jul 8;22(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03661-7.
Anthocyanin-containing plant extracts and carotenoids, such as astaxanthin, have been well-known for their antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. We hypothesised that a mixture of Ribes nigrum L. (Grossulariaceae) (common name black currant (BC)) and Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae) (common name bilberry (BL)) extracts (BC/BL) with standardised anthocyanin content as well as single plant extracts interfered with the replication of Measles virus and Herpesviruses in vitro.
We treated cell cultures with BC/BL or defined single plant extracts, purified anthocyanins and astaxanthin in different concentrations and subsequently infected the cultures with the Measles virus (wild-type or vaccine strain Edmonston), Herpesvirus 1 or 8, or murine Cytomegalovirus. Then, we analysed the number of infected cells and viral infectivity and compared the data to non-treated controls.
The BC/BL extract inhibited wild-type Measles virus replication, syncytia formation and cell-to-cell spread. This suppression was dependent on the wild-type virus-receptor-interaction since the Measles vaccine strain was unaffected by BC/BL treatment. Furthermore, the evidence was provided that the delphinidin-3-rutinoside chloride, a component of BC/BL, and purified astaxanthin, were effective anti-Measles virus compounds. Human Herpesvirus 1 and murine Cytomegalovirus replication was inhibited by BC/BL, single bilberry or black currant extracts, and the BC/BL component delphinidin-3-glucoside chloride. Additionally, we observed that BC/BL seemed to act synergistically with aciclovir. Moreover, BC/BL, the single bilberry and black currant extracts, and the BC/BL components delphinidin-3-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside chloride, and petunidin-3-galactoside inhibited human Herpesvirus 8 replication.
Our data indicate that Measles viruses and Herpesviruses are differentially susceptible to a specific BC/BL mixture, single plant extracts, purified anthocyanins and astaxanthin. These compounds might be used in the prevention of viral diseases and in addition to direct-acting antivirals, such as aciclovir.
含花青素的植物提取物和类胡萝卜素，如虾青素，分别以其抗病毒和抗炎活性而闻名。我们假设黑穗醋栗（黑加仑）（黑穗醋栗科）和越橘（越橘科）（俗称蓝莓）提取物（黑加仑/蓝莓）与标准化花青素含量的混合物以及单一植物提取物会干扰麻疹病毒和疱疹病毒在体外的复制。
我们用 BC/BL 或特定的单一植物提取物处理细胞培养物，用不同浓度的纯化花青素和虾青素处理，然后用麻疹病毒（野生型或疫苗株 Edmonston）、疱疹病毒 1 型或 8 型或鼠巨细胞病毒感染培养物。然后，我们分析受感染细胞的数量和病毒感染力，并将数据与未经处理的对照进行比较。
BC/BL 提取物抑制野生型麻疹病毒的复制、合胞体形成和细胞间传播。这种抑制作用依赖于野生型病毒受体相互作用，因为麻疹疫苗株不受 BC/BL 处理的影响。此外，提供的证据表明，BC/BL 的成分飞燕草素-3-芸香糖苷盐酸盐和纯化虾青素是有效的抗麻疹病毒化合物。人类疱疹病毒 1 型和鼠巨细胞病毒的复制被 BC/BL、单一蓝莓或黑加仑提取物以及 BC/BL 成分飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷盐酸盐抑制。此外，我们观察到 BC/BL 似乎与阿昔洛韦有协同作用。此外，BC/BL、单一蓝莓和黑加仑提取物以及 BC/BL 成分飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-芸香糖苷盐酸盐和天竺葵素-3-半乳糖苷抑制人类疱疹病毒 8 型的复制。
我们的数据表明，麻疹病毒和疱疹病毒对特定的 BC/BL 混合物、单一植物提取物、纯化的花青素和虾青素具有不同的敏感性。这些化合物可用于预防病毒性疾病，并可与阿昔洛韦等直接作用的抗病毒药物联合使用。
