Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 24;23(13):7046. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137046.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor. Despite multimodality treatment with surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields, recurrence is universal, median observed survival is low at 8 months and 5-year overall survival is poor at 7%. Immunotherapy aims to generate a tumor-specific immune response to selectively eliminate tumor cells. In treatment of GBM, immunotherapy approaches including use of checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-Cell therapy, vaccine-based approaches, viral vector therapies, and cytokine-based treatment has been studied. While there have been no major breakthroughs to date and broad implementation of immunotherapy for GBM remains elusive, multiple studies are underway. In this review, we discuss immunotherapy approaches to GBM with an emphasis on molecularly informed approaches.
胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是最常见的恶性脑肿瘤。尽管采用手术切除、放射治疗、化学疗法和肿瘤治疗电场的多模式治疗,但复发是普遍的,中位观察生存期仅为 8 个月,5 年总生存率较差,仅为 7%。免疫疗法旨在产生针对肿瘤的特异性免疫反应,以选择性消除肿瘤细胞。在 GBM 的治疗中,已研究了免疫疗法方法,包括使用检查点抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T 细胞疗法、基于疫苗的方法、病毒载体疗法和细胞因子治疗。尽管迄今为止尚无重大突破,免疫疗法在 GBM 中的广泛应用仍难以实现,但仍有多项研究正在进行中。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了针对 GBM 的免疫疗法方法,重点介绍了基于分子信息的方法。