Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, 1001 Tirana, Albania.
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jul 1;23(13):7362. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137362.
The nervous system and the kidneys are linked under physiological states to maintain normal body homeostasis. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), damaged kidneys can impair the central nervous system, including cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment (CI). Recently, kidney disease has been proposed as a new modifiable risk factor for dementia. It is reported that uremic toxins may have direct neurotoxic (astrocyte activation and neuronal death) and/or indirect action through vascular effects (cerebral endothelial dysfunction, calcification, and inflammation). This review summarizes the evidence from research investigating the pathophysiological effects of phosphate toxicity in the nervous system, raising the question of whether the control of hyperphosphatemia in CKD would lower patients' risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia.
神经系统和肾脏在生理状态下相互关联，以维持身体的内稳态。在慢性肾脏病（CKD）中，受损的肾脏会损害中枢神经系统，包括脑血管疾病和认知障碍（CI）。最近，肾脏病被提出作为痴呆症的一个新的可改变的危险因素。据报道，尿毒症毒素可能具有直接的神经毒性（星形胶质细胞激活和神经元死亡）和/或通过血管作用的间接作用（脑内皮功能障碍、钙化和炎症）。本综述总结了研究磷酸盐毒性对神经系统的病理生理影响的证据，提出了控制 CKD 患者高磷酸盐血症是否会降低其认知障碍和痴呆风险的问题。
