National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 24;14(13):2623. doi: 10.3390/nu14132623.
How diet as a whole impacts the risk of general overweight and abdominal obesity among the Chinese elderly is unclear. The present study aimed to examine the association of overall diet quality with general overweight and abdominal obesity in the Chinese elderly. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1993 to 2015, an ongoing cohort study, we selected participants aged 60 and older who were not generally overweight, but who had abdominal obesity at baseline and who had participated in at least two waves of the survey as subjects. The China Elderly Dietary Guidelines Index (CDGI-E) was used, based on the critical diet-related recommendations of the 2016 Chinese Dietary Guideline (CDG-2016), to assess overall diet quality. Consecutive 3 d, 24 h recalls and household weighing for seasonings and edible oils were used to collect dietary data and calculate the CDGI-E scores. Three-level (community-individual-wave) random intercept logistic regression models were used to analyze the impact of diet quality on the risk of general overweight and abdominal obesity in the elderly. The results showed that the older women in the top sixtiles of the CDGI-E scores had a 38% reduction -0.62, 95% CI (0.41, 0.92)-in the risk of abdominal obesity, as compared to those in the bottom sixtiles after adjusting for all potential confounders, while the null association was observed in the older men. The relationship between CDGI-E score and the risk of overweight/general obesity in the Chinese elderly has not been found. It was concluded that a high diet quality was associated with a reduced risk of abdominal obesity among elderly women in China. Our findings will help to improve the understanding of the relationship between the overall effect of diet and health. It may provide a new avenue for obesity intervention policy formulation from the aspect of improving overall dietary quality.
整体饮食如何影响中国老年人超重和腹型肥胖的风险尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨整体饮食质量与中国老年人超重和腹型肥胖的关系。我们使用了中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）从 1993 年到 2015 年的数据，这是一项正在进行的队列研究，我们选择了基线时患有腹型肥胖但不超重且至少参加过两次调查的 60 岁及以上的参与者作为研究对象。根据 2016 年中国膳食指南（CDG-2016）的关键饮食相关建议，采用中国老年人膳食指南指数（CDGI-E）评估整体饮食质量。连续 3 天 24 小时回顾法和家用称重法收集调味料和食用油的饮食数据，并计算 CDGI-E 得分。采用三级（社区-个体-波次）随机截距逻辑回归模型分析饮食质量对老年人超重和腹型肥胖风险的影响。结果表明，与 CDGI-E 得分最低的六分位相比，得分最高的六分位的老年女性腹型肥胖风险降低了 38%（-0.62，95%CI：0.41，0.92），调整所有潜在混杂因素后，老年男性则未见这种关联。CDGI-E 评分与中国老年人超重/肥胖风险之间的关系尚未发现。研究结论认为，高饮食质量与中国老年女性腹型肥胖风险降低有关。本研究结果有助于提高对饮食整体效果与健康关系的认识，可能为从改善整体饮食质量方面制定肥胖干预政策提供新途径。
