Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 29;14(13):2722. doi: 10.3390/nu14132722.
A high-fat diet has been associated with systemic diseases in humans and alterations in gut microbiota in animal studies. However, the influence of dietary fatty acid intake on gut microbiota in humans has not been well studied. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between intake of total fatty acids (TFAs), saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans fatty acids (TrFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n3-FAs, and n6-FAs, and the community composition and structure of the adherent colonic gut microbiota. We obtained 97 colonic biopsies from 34 participants with endoscopically normal colons. Microbial DNA was used to sequence the 16S rRNA V4 region. The DADA2 and SILVA database were used for amplicon sequence variant assignment. Dietary data were collected using the Block food frequency questionnaire. The biodiversity and the relative abundance of the bacterial taxa by higher vs. lower fat intake were compared using the Mann−Whitney test followed by multivariable negative binomial regression model. False discovery rate−adjusted p-values (q value) < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The beta diversity of gut bacteria differed significantly by intake of all types of fatty acids. The relative abundance of Sutterella was significantly higher with higher intake of TFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, and n6-FAs. The relative abundance of Tyzzerella and Fusobacterium was significantly higher with higher intake of SFAs. Tyzzerella was also higher with higher intake of TrFA. These observations were confirmed by multivariate analyses. Dietary fat intake was associated with bacterial composition and structure. Sutterella, Fusobacterium, and Tyzzerella were associated with fatty acid intake.
高脂肪饮食与人类的系统性疾病以及动物研究中肠道微生物群的改变有关。然而，饮食中脂肪酸的摄入对人类肠道微生物群的影响尚未得到很好的研究。在这项横断面研究中，我们研究了总脂肪酸（TFAs）、饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）、反式脂肪酸（TrFAs）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）、n3-FAs 和 n6-FAs 的摄入与粘附性结肠肠道微生物群的群落组成和结构之间的关联。我们从 34 名结肠镜检查正常的参与者中获得了 97 个结肠活检样本。使用微生物 DNA 对 16S rRNA V4 区进行测序。使用 DADA2 和 SILVA 数据库对扩增子序列变体进行赋值。使用 Block 食物频率问卷收集饮食数据。使用 Mann-Whitney 检验比较高脂肪和低脂肪摄入组的细菌分类群的生物多样性和相对丰度，然后使用多变量负二项式回归模型进行比较。经错误发现率调整的 p 值（q 值）<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。肠道细菌的 beta 多样性因所有类型脂肪酸的摄入而显著不同。TFAs、MUFAs、PUFAs 和 n6-FAs 摄入较高时，Sutterella 的相对丰度显著较高。SFAs 摄入较高时，Tyzzerella 和 Fusobacterium 的相对丰度较高。当 TrFA 摄入较高时，Tyzzerella 也较高。这些观察结果通过多变量分析得到了证实。饮食脂肪摄入与细菌组成和结构有关。Sutterella、Fusobacterium 和 Tyzzerella 与脂肪酸摄入有关。
