Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Br J Health Psychol. 2023 Feb;28(1):22-46. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12610. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
Despite the established causal links to skin cancer, skin ageing and eye inflammation, people continue to use indoor tanning devices (hereafter 'sunbeds'). Understanding the reasons underlying the use of sunbeds is essential for developing effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to collate all existing evidence from qualitative papers published to date that had assessed motivations for using sunbeds.
Six databases were searched from inception to February 2020 for qualitative studies that explored adults' experiences of using sunbeds. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and a narrative evidence synthesis was used to collate findings from each primary study.
Users of sunbeds were motivated primarily by aesthetic concerns but also by perceived psychological benefits (well-being, confidence and 'fitting in') and physical benefits (improvement in skin conditions such as acne, acquiring vitamin D and preventing sunburn). People also chose indoor tanning over alternatives such as fake tans because they considered the alternatives unacceptable and did not consider indoor tanning a serious health risk. To date, no studies have explored alternatives to meeting non-aesthetic needs related to the use of sunbeds.
This comprehensive explanation for the practice of indoor tanning provides the basis for development of complex interventions to reduce the harm caused by using sunbeds. Effective interventions should include promotion of alternatives, such as different methods of relaxing, to satisfy underlying motivations, changing social norms and correcting misperceptions about health benefits.
尽管已证实与皮肤癌、皮肤老化和眼部炎症有因果关系，但人们仍在继续使用室内日光浴床（以下简称“日光浴床”）。了解使用日光浴床的原因对于开发有效的干预措施至关重要。本研究旨在整理迄今为止已发表的评估使用日光浴床动机的定性论文中所有现有证据。
从开始到 2020 年 2 月，在六个数据库中搜索探索成年人使用日光浴床体验的定性研究。符合纳入标准的有 16 项研究，并使用叙述性证据综合来整理每个原始研究的结果。
日光浴床的使用者主要是出于审美需求，但也出于感知到的心理益处（幸福感、自信和“融入感”）和身体益处（改善痤疮等皮肤状况、获取维生素 D 和预防晒伤）。人们也选择室内晒黑而不是其他替代品，因为他们认为替代品不可接受，并且不认为室内晒黑是严重的健康风险。迄今为止，尚无研究探讨替代方案来满足与使用日光浴床相关的非审美需求。
对室内晒黑实践的这种全面解释为减少使用日光浴床造成的危害提供了开发复杂干预措施的基础。有效的干预措施应包括推广替代方法，如不同的放松方法，以满足潜在的动机，改变社会规范并纠正对健康益处的误解。
