Buchanan Lunsford Natasha, Berktold Jennifer, Holman Dawn M, Stein Karen, Prempeh Adwoa, Yerkes Adeline
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Epidemiology and Applied Research Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD, United States of America.
Prev Med Rep. 2018 Oct 6;12:203-209. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.09.017. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Black and Hispanic populations perceive their skin cancer risk to be low and are less likely to use sun protection strategies. We conducted formative research to understand knowledge, awareness, beliefs, and behaviors among these groups. In 2017, eighteen focus groups were conducted with black and Hispanic respondents(18-44 years) in four US cities. Groups were segmented by participant characteristics associated with elevated or lower risk for skin cancer, by race/ethnicity, gender, and age. A professional moderator followed a semi-structured discussion guide, and focus group transcripts were analyzed using conventional content analysis and NVIVO 11 Software. Most participants perceived themselves to be at low skin cancer risk due to their "darker skin tone" and/or "lack of family history." Skin cancer signs and symptoms were more inconsistently reported by blacks than Hispanics. Few participants reported regular sun protection behaviors. Those who did used sunscreen, wore protective clothing, and had elevated risk based on sun sensitivity or UV exposure. While most participants recalled family discussions (as youth) about sunscreen and sun protection, the understood intent was to warn against "further skin darkening" or to "prevent aging," not to reduce sun burns or skin cancer risk. Tanning bed use was low across all segments, especially among black respondents. Tailored skin cancer prevention campaigns need to address misperceptions about risks and benefits of skin cancer prevention behaviors among black and Hispanic populations. Families, peer groups, and healthcare providers need to be engaged in the creation of educational interventions and messaging efforts that target these populations.
黑人和西班牙裔人群认为自己患皮肤癌的风险较低，因此不太可能采取防晒措施。我们开展了定性研究，以了解这些群体的知识、意识、信念和行为。2017年，在美国四个城市对18至44岁的黑人和西班牙裔受访者进行了18次焦点小组访谈。根据与皮肤癌风险升高或降低相关的参与者特征、种族/族裔、性别和年龄对小组进行了划分。一名专业主持人遵循半结构化讨论指南，并使用传统内容分析法和NVIVO 11软件对焦点小组访谈记录进行了分析。大多数参与者认为由于他们“肤色较深”和/或“没有家族病史”，自己患皮肤癌的风险较低。与西班牙裔相比，黑人对皮肤癌体征和症状的报告更不一致。很少有参与者报告有规律的防晒行为。那些采取防晒措施的人使用了防晒霜、穿着防护服，并且由于对阳光敏感或紫外线暴露而风险升高。虽然大多数参与者回忆起（年轻时）家庭关于防晒霜和防晒的讨论，但其理解的意图是警告“皮肤进一步变黑”或“防止衰老”，而不是减少晒伤或皮肤癌风险。所有群体使用晒黑床的比例都很低，尤其是黑人受访者。有针对性的皮肤癌预防活动需要解决黑人和西班牙裔人群对皮肤癌预防行为的风险和益处的误解。家庭、同龄人群体和医疗保健提供者需要参与针对这些人群的教育干预措施和宣传工作的创建。
