Bergmann Ciara, Konkel Tobias, Görig Tatiana, Dursun Esma, Diehl Katharina
Professorship of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany.
J Skin Cancer. 2025 May 6;2025:5592331. doi: 10.1155/jskc/5592331. eCollection 2025.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a major risk factor for skin cancers. Nonetheless, many individuals in western countries tan outdoors. This study aimed to identify types of tanners and their reasons for outdoor tanning based on a Q methodology study. A heterogeneous sample of 25 participants aged 19-61 years was recruited and interviewed using the Q sort method. The participants ranked 37 reasons for outdoor tanning according to their subjectively perceived importance in a predetermined grid. Data were analyzed using an inverted factor analysis technique developed specifically for Q methodology. The transcripts of the postsort interviews were used to better understand the quantitative findings. Three groups (factors) of tanners were identified based on 22 of the 25 participants. While enhancement of attractiveness was a major reason for outdoor tanning in the middle-aged group, the youngest and the oldest groups had a stronger focus on relaxation, well-being, and mental health. All three groups stated that vitamin D production was an important factor for tanning outdoors. These findings suggest that people may have different reasons for exposing themselves to harmful UV radiation, but that there is a pattern most participants in our study could be assigned to. Especially the finding that all groups tanned outdoors to meet their vitamin D needs seems to be a starting point for future research and skin cancer prevention.
来自太阳的紫外线（UV）辐射是皮肤癌的主要风险因素。尽管如此，西方国家仍有许多人在户外晒黑。本研究旨在基于Q方法研究确定晒黑者的类型及其户外晒黑的原因。招募了25名年龄在19至61岁之间的异质样本参与者，并使用Q分类法进行访谈。参与者根据他们在预先确定的网格中主观感知的重要性，对37个户外晒黑的原因进行排序。使用专门为Q方法开发的反向因子分析技术对数据进行分析。排序后访谈的文字记录用于更好地理解定量研究结果。根据25名参与者中的22名，确定了三组（因子）晒黑者。虽然增强吸引力是中年组户外晒黑的主要原因，但最年轻和最年长的组更关注放松、幸福感和心理健康。所有三组都表示，产生维生素D是户外晒黑的一个重要因素。这些发现表明，人们暴露于有害紫外线辐射下可能有不同的原因，但在我们的研究中，大多数参与者都可以归为一种模式。特别是所有组都在户外晒黑以满足其维生素D需求这一发现，似乎是未来研究和皮肤癌预防的一个起点。
