University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 15;309:119715. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119715. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Surface water quality monitoring programs have been developed to examine traditional contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, urbanization, which is increasing around the world, is increasing discharge of treated wastewater and raw sewage in many regions. Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites represent typical markers of such trajectories in urbanization. We selected an ongoing monitoring program, which was designed for routine surveillance of nonionizable POPs in different aquatic matrices, to examine the occurrence of 67 pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in water and multiple bioindicator matrices: benthic invertebrates, juvenile fish, and adult fish (plasma and muscle tissue) from ten river systems with varying levels of watershed development. In addition, we placed zebra mussels and passive samplers in situ for a fixed period. A statistically significant relationship between pharmaceutical levels in passive samplers and biota was found for caged zebra mussels and benthic invertebrates, while only a few pharmaceuticals were identified in fish matrices. Invertebrates, which have received relatively limited study for pharmaceutical bioaccumulation, accumulated more pharmaceuticals than fish, up to thirty different substances. The highest concentration was observed for sertraline in zebra mussels and telmisartan in benthic invertebrates (83 and 31 ng/g ww, respectively). Our results across diverse study systems indicate that ongoing surface water quality monitoring programs, which were originally designed for traditional organic pollutants, need to be revised to account for bioaccumulation dynamics of pharmaceuticals and other ionizable contaminants. Aquatic monitoring programs routinely examine accumulation of nonionizable organic pollutants; however, we identified that these efforts need to be revised to account for bioaccumulation of ionizable contaminants, which reached higher levels in invertebrates than in fish.
地表水质监测计划已经开发出来，用于检测传统污染物，如持久性有机污染物 (POPs)。然而，世界各地的城市化进程正在增加，导致许多地区处理后的废水和未经处理的污水排放量增加。药品及其代谢物是城市发展过程中的典型标志物。我们选择了一个正在进行的监测计划，该计划旨在对不同水生基质中的非离子化 POPs 进行常规监测，以检测 67 种药品及其代谢物在水中和多个生物指示剂基质中的出现情况：底栖无脊椎动物、幼鱼和来自十个具有不同流域开发水平的河流系统的成年鱼类（血浆和肌肉组织）。此外，我们在现场放置了贻贝和被动采样器进行固定时间段的监测。研究发现，在受限制的贻贝类和底栖无脊椎动物中，被动采样器和生物群之间的药品水平存在统计学上的显著关系，而在鱼类基质中仅鉴定出少数几种药品。无脊椎动物在药品生物累积方面受到的研究相对较少，但它们积累的药品比鱼类多，多达三十种不同的物质。在贻贝类中，最高浓度的药物是舍曲林，在底栖无脊椎动物中则是替米沙坦（分别为 83 和 31ng/gww）。我们在不同研究系统中的结果表明，最初设计用于传统有机污染物的地表水质监测计划需要进行修订，以考虑药品和其他可电离污染物的生物累积动态。水生监测计划通常会检查非电离有机污染物的积累情况；然而，我们发现需要对这些努力进行修订，以考虑可电离污染物的生物累积情况，这些污染物在无脊椎动物中的积累水平高于鱼类。
