Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Privada del Este, Asunción, Paraguay.
Fundación Paraguaya de Celiacos, Asunción, Paraguay.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed). 2023 Oct-Dec;88(4):307-314. doi: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2021.10.011. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
The treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet that should be strictly and permanently carried out. Our aims were to determine adherence to the gluten-free diet and the risk factors for non-adherence.
An observational, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted. It included individuals of both sexes and of any age that presented with celiac disease, lived in Paraguay from January to April 2021, and agreed to participate in the survey. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was utilized. Adherence was measured using the Leffler questionnaire. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este.
The sample consisted of 371 respondents, 322 (87%) of whom were adults, with a mean age of 38 ± 12 years, and 49 (13%) of whom were children and adolescents, with a mean age of 10 ± 5 years. Female sex was predominant (85%). Adherence to the gluten-free diet was detected in 59% of the adults and 73% of the children and adolescents. The factors significantly associated with adherence included belonging to the child and adolescent age group and having had the diagnosis for a longer time: 9 ± 8 years for the adherence group and 7 ± 8 years for the non-adherence group.
The present study demonstrated the frequency of adherence to the gluten-free diet in celiac patients in Paraguay. Psychologic and nutritional support is recommended for individuals with celiac disease that do not adhere to their treatment.
治疗乳糜泻需要采用无麸质饮食，而且必须严格和长期执行。本研究旨在确定乳糜泻患者对无麸质饮食的依从性及其不依从的相关因素。
这是一项观察性、横断面、对比研究，纳入了 2021 年 1 月至 4 月期间居住在巴拉圭、患有乳糜泻且同意参与调查的所有性别和年龄的个体。排除了不完整的问卷。采用非概率便利抽样。采用 Leffler 问卷来衡量依从性。本研究得到了东方私立大学伦理委员会的批准。
该样本包括 371 名受访者，其中 322 名（87%）为成年人，平均年龄为 38±12 岁，49 名（13%）为儿童和青少年，平均年龄为 10±5 岁。女性占主导地位（85%）。成年人中 59%和儿童及青少年中 73%的人对无麸质饮食有依从性。与依从性相关的显著因素包括属于儿童和青少年年龄组以及诊断时间较长：依从组为 9±8 年，不依从组为 7±8 年。
本研究显示了巴拉圭乳糜泻患者对无麸质饮食的依从频率。建议为不依从治疗的乳糜泻患者提供心理和营养支持。
