Ghafuri Yadollah, Koohpaei Alireza
Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Department of Occupational Health, Work Health Research Centre, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Jamba. 2022 Jun 15;14(1):1151. doi: 10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1151. eCollection 2022.
Developing strategies to control environmental challenges and various aspects of health consequences of waste management is one of the major programs in metropolitan management. The main purpose of this study is to examine the level of preparedness, having a contingency plan and the emergency response ability to waste management in disaster situations. A descriptive study was designed in two phases: in the first phase of the study, composition, quantity and characteristics of municipal solid waste in the disaster were estimated, and by using DotMapper software, temporary waste sites for disaster situations (map waste) were determined. In the second phase of the study, the preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) to identify the initial events and risk analysis in the municipal waste management system was considered. Results show that more than 50% of the generated waste in the disaster is allocated to construction waste resulting from the destruction and more than 30% to recyclable items (metals, glass, plastic), and a very small part of about 1% of biodegradable waste was determined. Twenty points were designated as temporary sites for municipal waste in a disaster situation. Results of risk analysis in the disaster were described that for three events containing lack of temporary waste storage sites, lack of identification and determination of hazardous waste production centres and lack of waste management training programme in emergency situations were in the red range. Developing the necessary strategies to control environmental challenges and various aspects of health outcomes in waste management is one of the basic programmes in metropolitan management.
制定应对环境挑战和废物管理对健康影响各方面的策略是大都市管理的主要项目之一。本研究的主要目的是考察在灾害情况下废物管理的准备程度、是否有应急计划以及应急响应能力。本研究设计了一个分两个阶段的描述性研究：在研究的第一阶段，估算灾害中城市固体废物的成分、数量和特征，并使用DotMapper软件确定灾害情况下的临时废物处理场地（地图废物）。在研究的第二阶段，考虑进行初步危害分析（PHA）以识别城市废物管理系统中的初始事件和风险分析。结果表明，灾害中产生的废物超过50%被分配为因破坏产生的建筑垃圾，超过30%为可回收物品（金属、玻璃、塑料），确定的可生物降解废物仅占约1%的极小部分。指定了20个地点作为灾害情况下城市废物的临时处理场地。对灾害风险分析的结果进行了描述，即对于缺乏临时废物储存场地、缺乏危险废物产生中心的识别和确定以及在紧急情况下缺乏废物管理培训计划这三个事件，风险处于红色范围。制定应对环境挑战和废物管理对健康影响各方面的必要策略是大都市管理的基本项目之一。
