Liang Kung-Hao, Hung Kai-Feng, Wang Mong-Lien, Chang Tai-Jay, Cheng Yen-Fu, Chiang Su-Hua, Chen Mei-Fang, Liao Yi-Ting, Chiou Shih-Hwa, Yang De-Ming
Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
J Chin Med Assoc. 2022 Sep 1;85(9):891-895. doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000774. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants of concern can infect people of all ages and can cause severe diseases in children, such as encephalitis, which require intensive care. Therefore, vaccines are urgently required to prevent severe disease in all age groups. We reviewed the safety and efficacy profiles of mRNA vaccines-BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273-demonstrated by clinical trials or observed in the real world. mRNA-1273 is effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in preschool children (6 months-6 years old). Both BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in school-aged children and adolescents, thereby preventing post-coronavirus disease (COVID) conditions. The common side effects of vaccination are pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. Myocarditis and pericarditis are uncommon. Monitoring post-vaccination troponin levels may help prevent severe cardiac events. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus mutates its genome to overcome the herd immunity provided by mass vaccinations; therefore, we may need to develop new generations of vaccines, such as those using viral nucleocapsid proteins as antigens. In conclusion, the mRNA vaccines are generally safe and effective in preventing severe diseases and hospitalization among children and adolescents.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）及其关注的变异株可感染所有年龄段的人群，并可导致儿童出现严重疾病，如脑炎，这些疾病需要重症监护。因此，迫切需要疫苗来预防所有年龄组的严重疾病。我们回顾了临床试验证明或在现实世界中观察到的mRNA疫苗BNT162b2和mRNA-1273的安全性和有效性概况。mRNA-1273在预防学龄前儿童（6个月至6岁）感染SARS-CoV-2方面有效。BNT162b2和mRNA-1273在预防学龄儿童和青少年感染SARS-CoV-2方面均有效，从而预防冠状病毒病（COVID）后的状况。接种疫苗的常见副作用是注射部位疼痛、疲劳和头痛。心肌炎和心包炎并不常见。监测接种疫苗后的肌钙蛋白水平可能有助于预防严重心脏事件。SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒会使其基因组发生突变，以克服大规模接种疫苗所提供的群体免疫；因此，我们可能需要研发新一代疫苗，如使用病毒核衣壳蛋白作为抗原的疫苗。总之，mRNA疫苗在预防儿童和青少年的严重疾病和住院方面总体上是安全有效的。
