Carrasco E
Chest. 1987 Jun;91(6 Suppl):93S-97S. doi: 10.1378/chest.91.6_supplement.93s.
The prevalence of asthma in Latin America is reviewed. There are many limitations to using official national statistics, and the data presented are from surveys of restricted populations in Uruguay, Peru, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, and Chile. Asthma prevalence appears to be quite variable, ranging from 0.4 percent in Peru to 4.3 percent in Brazil. As reported elsewhere in the world, in children rates were higher in boys than girls, and elderly asthmatic patients have higher rates. Further information on the clinical and etiologic characteristics of asthma in Latin America are presented from a survey of chronic allergic disease conducted in seven Latin American countries. Pre-coded forms were completed during consultations at cooperating allergy departments, and all were analyzed centrally at the Pan American Health Organization. Eighty-six percent of the patients studied were atopic and 46 percent of asthmatic patients had a history of other associated allergic conditions (allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis). This is higher than reported for developed countries.
本文综述了拉丁美洲哮喘的患病率。使用官方国家统计数据存在诸多局限性，文中所呈现的数据来自乌拉圭、秘鲁、墨西哥、巴西、委内瑞拉、阿根廷和智利对特定人群的调查。哮喘患病率似乎差异很大，从秘鲁的0.4%到巴西的4.3%不等。正如世界其他地方所报道的那样，儿童中男孩的哮喘发病率高于女孩，老年哮喘患者的发病率更高。通过对七个拉丁美洲国家慢性过敏性疾病的调查，提供了有关拉丁美洲哮喘临床和病因特征的更多信息。在合作的过敏科室会诊期间填写预先编码的表格，并在泛美卫生组织进行集中分析。研究的患者中有86%为特应性，46%的哮喘患者有其他相关过敏疾病（过敏性鼻炎、特应性皮炎）病史。这一比例高于发达国家的报道。
