Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan.
Department of English, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 15;309:119733. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119733. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
The present study was aimed at determining the efficacy of rock phosphate (RP) 3% loaded in a green coconut shell, chicken manure, and vegetable waste to make green coconut-modified biochar (GMB), chicken manure modified-biochar (CMB), and vegetable waste-modified biochar (VMB) in the fixation of Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Sharafi goth and Malir polluted soils. The impact of RP impregnated with organic waste material to produce modified biochars (MBs) on stabilizing PTEs from polluted soils and reducing their uptake by mustard plant has not yet been thoroughly investigated. All modified BCs in 0.5, 1, and 2% doses were used to stabilize Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd in two polluted soils and to reduce their uptake by the mustard plant. The obtained results revealed that the maximum mustard fresh biomass was 17.8% higher with GMB 1% in Sharafi goth polluted soil and 25% higher with VMB 0.5% in Malir polluted soil than in the control treatment. After applying modified BCs, immobilization of Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cd was observed in both soils and it reduced the uptake of these elements by mustard plants. On the other hand, although Zn mobilization increased by 0.38% for CMB 0.5% and by 5.9% for VMB 0.5% in Sharafi goth polluted soil, as well as by 3.15% for GMB 1%, 6.34% for GMB 2%, and 4.78% for VMB 0.5% in Malir polluted soil, this was due to changes in soil pH and OM. It was found that GMB 1%, CMB 0.5%, and VMB 0.5% have the potential to increase Zn uptake by mustard, while VMB 2% can reduce the element uptake by the plant. Redundancy analysis showed that soil chemical parameters were negatively correlated with PTEs in both soils and reduced their uptake by mustard. The present study revealed that MBs can stabilize PTEs in industrial and wastewater soils polluted with multiple metals and reduce their uptake by plants.
本研究旨在确定 3%磷矿粉负载在绿椰壳、鸡粪和蔬菜废物上制成绿椰改性生物炭（GMB）、鸡粪改性生物炭（CMB）和蔬菜废物改性生物炭（VMB），以固定 Sharafi goth 和 Malir 污染土壤中的 Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni 和 Cd 的功效。尚未彻底研究过用有机废物浸渍磷矿粉以生产改性生物炭（MBs）对稳定污染土壤中的 PTEs 并减少其被芥菜植物吸收的影响。所有改性 BC 以 0.5、1 和 2%的剂量用于稳定两种污染土壤中的 Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni 和 Cd，并减少芥菜植物对它们的吸收。结果表明，在 Sharafi goth 污染土壤中，GMB 1%使芥菜鲜生物量增加了 17.8%，在 Malir 污染土壤中，VMB 0.5%使芥菜鲜生物量增加了 25%，比对照处理高。施加改性 BC 后，在两种土壤中均观察到 Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni 和 Cd 的固定化作用，从而减少了这些元素被芥菜植物的吸收。另一方面，虽然 CMB 0.5%使 Cr 移动增加了 0.38%，VMB 0.5%使 Cr 移动增加了 5.9%，但 GMB 1%使 Cr 移动增加了 3.15%，GMB 2%使 Cr 移动增加了 6.34%，VMB 0.5%使 Cr 移动增加了 4.78%，这是由于土壤 pH 值和 OM 的变化。研究发现，GMB 1%、CMB 0.5%和 VMB 0.5%有可能增加芥菜对 Zn 的吸收，而 VMB 2%可以减少植物对该元素的吸收。冗余分析表明，两种土壤中的土壤化学参数与 PTEs 呈负相关，降低了植物对 PTEs 的吸收。本研究表明，MBs 可以稳定工业和废水土壤中多种金属污染的 PTEs，并减少植物对它们的吸收。
