Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan.
Department of English, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 20;930:172810. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172810. Epub 2024 Apr 26.
Pot experiment was performed aimed to assess the comparative role of charcoal, biochar, hydrochar and thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 1 and 2 % doses, and <1 mm particle size on the bioavailability of Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Cu and Zn, and enhance NPK, and mustard growth in a slightly alkaline polluted soil. Furthermore, machine learning method was used to examine the systematic evaluation of the impact of feature selection based on Pearson's correlation on the performance of the linear regression model. The results revealed that maximum fresh and dry biomass of mustard was observed by 26.38 and 38.18 % with hydrochar 1 %, whereas lemon biochar at 2 % reduced fresh and dry biomass up to 34.0 and 53.0 % than control. The immobilization of Cd and Pb was observed by 83.70 and 71.15 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 2 %, As 71.62 % with hydrochar 2 %, Ni 80.84 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar 2 %, Cu 66.32 % with and Zn 36.30 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 2 % than control. However, the maximum mobilization of Cu in soil was observed by 30.3 % with lemon biochar 2 %, similarly for Zn 37.36 % with hydrochar 2 % as compared with other treatments. The phyto-availability of Cd, Pb, As and Cu in the mustard shoot and root biomass was reduced except Ni and Zn in soil than control. It was observed that using the machine learning regression analysis approach, variability in treatments effectiveness is evident across different feature correlation thresholds. This study clearly shows that the beneficial role of studied amendments on mustard growth and reduced bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s and enhance primary macronutrients in alkaline polluted soil. It is suggested that future studies may be conducted on combined application of studies amendments on plant growth, immobilization of heavy metal(loid)s in multi-metal polluted soil under different field conditions.
采用盆栽试验研究了不同剂量（1%和 2%）和粒径（<1mm）下木炭、生物炭、水热炭和硫脲-蔬菜改性生物炭在提高碱性污染土壤中 NPK 和芥菜生长的同时，对 Cd、Pb、As、Ni、Cu 和 Zn 生物有效性的比较作用。此外，还采用机器学习方法检验了基于 Pearson 相关性的特征选择对线性回归模型性能的系统评价。结果表明，水热炭 1%处理下芥菜的鲜重和干重最大，分别提高了 26.38%和 38.18%，而柠檬生物炭 2%处理下芥菜的鲜重和干重分别降低了 34.0%和 53.0%。硫脲-蔬菜改性生物炭 2%处理下 Cd 和 Pb 的固定率分别为 83.70%和 71.15%，水热炭 2%处理下 As 的固定率为 71.62%，硫脲-蔬菜改性生物炭 2%处理下 Ni 的固定率为 80.84%，硫脲-蔬菜改性生物炭 2%处理下 Cu 的固定率为 66.32%，硫脲-蔬菜改性生物炭 2%处理下 Zn 的固定率为 36.30%，均高于对照。然而，柠檬生物炭 2%处理下 Cu 在土壤中的最大迁移率为 30.3%，水热炭 2%处理下 Zn 的最大迁移率为 37.36%，均高于其他处理。与对照相比，芥菜地上部和根部生物量中 Cd、Pb、As 和 Cu 的植物可利用性降低，而 Ni 和 Zn 则有所增加。利用机器学习回归分析方法，在不同特征相关性阈值下，处理效果的变异性明显。本研究清楚地表明，研究中的改良剂对芥菜生长的有益作用，以及降低碱性污染土壤中重金属（类金属）的生物有效性和提高主要大量营养素的作用。建议未来的研究可能会在不同田间条件下，对研究中改良剂在多金属污染土壤中对植物生长的固定重金属（类金属）的联合应用进行研究。
