Department of Child Health, TNO, PO Box 3005, Leiden, 2301DA, The Netherlands.
Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 Jul 12;22(1):409. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z.
Refractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle wear, visual acuity and refractive errors in young Dutch children.
We analyzed data of three prospective population-based studies: 99,660 3- to 5-year-olds undergoing vision screening at preventive child healthcare organizations, 6934 6-year-olds from the Generation R study, and 2974 7-year-olds from the RAMSES study. Visual acuity was measured with Landolt-C or LEA charts, spectacle wear was assessed, and refractive errors at age 6 and 7 were measured with cycloplegic refraction.
The prevalence of spectacle wear ranged from 1.5 to 11.8% between 3 to 7 years with no significant gender differences. Among children with spectacle wear at 6 years (N = 583) and 7 years (N = 350) 29.8 and 34.6% had myopia respectively, of which 21.1 and 21.6% combined with astigmatism; 19.6 and 6.8% had hyperopia, 37.2 and 11.1% hyperopia and astigmatism, and 12.5 and 32.7% astigmatism only.
Spectacle wear in European children starts early in preschool and increases to a relatively frequent visual aid at school age. Advocating early detection and monitoring of refraction errors is warranted in order to prevent visual morbidities later in life.
屈光不正在全球范围内较为常见。特别是，近视的早发与晚年生活中的重大负担相关。对于学龄前儿童的屈光不正知之甚少。本研究旨在评估荷兰幼儿的眼镜佩戴率、视力和屈光不正情况。
我们分析了三项前瞻性基于人群的研究的数据：在预防儿童保健机构接受视力筛查的 99660 名 3 至 5 岁儿童、6934 名 6 岁的 Generation R 研究参与者和 2974 名 7 岁的 RAMSES 研究参与者。使用 Landolt-C 或 LEA 图表测量视力，评估眼镜佩戴情况，并在 6 岁和 7 岁时使用睫状肌麻痹验光测量屈光不正。
3 至 7 岁儿童的眼镜佩戴率在 1.5%至 11.8%之间，无明显性别差异。在 6 岁（N=583）和 7 岁（N=350）时佩戴眼镜的儿童中，分别有 29.8%和 34.6%患有近视，其中 21.1%和 21.6%合并散光；19.6%和 6.8%患有远视，37.2%和 11.1%患有远视和散光，12.5%和 32.7%仅患有散光。
欧洲儿童在学龄前就开始较早地佩戴眼镜，并且在学龄期越来越频繁地使用视力辅助工具。提倡早期发现和监测屈光不正，以预防晚年的视觉疾病。
