Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India.
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Moscow, Russia.
PeerJ. 2022 Jul 7;10:e13651. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13651. eCollection 2022.
The nitric oxide synthases (NOS; EC 1.14.13.39) use L-arginine as a substrate to produce nitric oxide (NO) as a by-product in the tissue microenvironment. NOS1 represents the predominant NO-producing enzyme highly enriched in the brain and known to mediate multiple functions, ranging from learning and memory development to maintaining synaptic plasticity and neuronal development, Alzheimer's disease (AD), psychiatric disorders and behavioral deficits. However, accumulating evidence indicate both canonical and non-canonical roles of NOS1-derived NO in several other tissues and chronic diseases. A better understanding of NOS1-derived NO signaling, and identification and characterization of NO-metabolites in non-neuronal tissues could become useful in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases associated with NOS1 expression. Continued investigation on the roles of NOS1, therefore, will synthesize new knowledge and aid in the discovery of small molecules which could be used to titrate the activities of NOS1-derived NO signaling and NO-metabolites. Here, we address the significance of NOS1 and its byproduct NO in modifying pathophysiological events, which could be beneficial in understanding both the disease mechanisms and therapeutics.
一氧化氮合酶（NOS；EC 1.14.13.39）以 L-精氨酸为底物，在组织微环境中产生一氧化氮（NO）作为副产物。NOS1 是主要的产生 NO 的酶，在大脑中高度富集，已知介导多种功能，从学习和记忆的发展到维持突触可塑性和神经元的发育、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、精神障碍和行为缺陷。然而，越来越多的证据表明，NOS1 衍生的 NO 在其他几种组织和慢性疾病中具有典型和非典型的作用。更好地了解 NOS1 衍生的 NO 信号，以及在非神经元组织中鉴定和表征 NO 代谢物，可能有助于诊断和预测与 NOS1 表达相关的疾病。因此，对 NOS1 作用的进一步研究将综合新的知识，并有助于发现可用于滴定 NOS1 衍生的 NO 信号和 NO 代谢物活性的小分子。在这里，我们探讨了 NOS1 及其副产物 NO 在修饰病理生理事件中的重要性，这可能有助于理解疾病机制和治疗方法。
