State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Plant J. 2022 Sep;111(6):1565-1579. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15907. Epub 2022 Jul 30.
Seedlessness is one of the most important breeding goals for table grapes; thus, understanding the molecular genetic regulation of seed development and abortion is critical for the development of seedless cultivars. In the present study, we characterized VvMADS39, a class E MADS-box gene of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) orthologous to Arabidopsis SEP2. Heterologous overexpression of VvMADS39 in tomato reduced the fruit and seed size and seed number. Targeted mutagenesis of the homologous SlMADS39 in tomato induced various floral and fruit defects. It could reasonable to suppose that active VvMADS39 expression in "Thompson Seedless" may restrict cellular expansion, resulting in the development of smaller fruits and seeds, VvMADS39 may play a role in the regulation of ovule development in grapevine and contributes to seedless fruit formation. In contrast, VvMADS39 suppression in "Red Globe" was associated with enhanced histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation in the promoter region of VvMADS39, allowing normal ovule and fruit development; Meanwhile, VvMADS39 interacts with VvAGAMOUS, and the activity of the VvMADS39-VvAGAMOUS dimer to induce integument development requires the activation and maintenance of VvINO expression. The synergistic cooperation between VvMADS39 and related proteins plays an important role in maintaining floral meristem characteristics, and fruit and ovule development.
无核化是鲜食葡萄最重要的育种目标之一；因此，了解种子发育和败育的分子遗传调控对于无核品种的开发至关重要。本研究中，我们对葡萄（Vitis vinifera）的 E 类 MADS 盒基因 VvMADS39 进行了表征，它与拟南芥 SEP2 同源。在番茄中异源过表达 VvMADS39 会降低果实和种子的大小和数量。番茄同源 SlMADS39 的靶向诱变会导致各种花和果实缺陷。可以合理地假设，“Thompson Seedless”中 VvMADS39 的活性表达可能限制了细胞的扩张，导致较小果实和种子的发育，VvMADS39 可能在葡萄的胚珠发育调控中发挥作用，并有助于无核果实的形成。相反，“Red Globe”中 VvMADS39 的抑制与 VvMADS39 启动子区域组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 27 三甲基化的增强有关，允许正常的胚珠和果实发育；同时，VvMADS39 与 VvAGAMOUS 相互作用，VvMADS39-VvAGAMOUS 二聚体的活性诱导种皮发育需要 VvINO 表达的激活和维持。VvMADS39 与相关蛋白的协同合作在维持花分生组织特征以及果实和胚珠发育中发挥着重要作用。
