Department of Dental Prosthodontics, Dental School of Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 157, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Feb;27(2):849-858. doi: 10.1007/s00784-022-04619-2. Epub 2022 Jul 13.
This study evaluated the in vitro and in situ effects of phytosphingosine (PHS) associated with tooth brushing on color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness of dental enamel.
Sixty-four specimens of bovine teeth (6 × 6 × 2 mm) were separated into 8 groups (n = 8): S + TB: PHS (spray) + tooth brushing; TB + S: tooth brushing + PHS (spray); I + TB: PHS (immersion) + tooth brushing; TB + I: tooth brushing + PHS (immersion); TB: tooth brushing; S: PHS spray; I: immersion in PHS solution, and Saliva: immersion in saliva. Tooth brushing simulation (Mavtec, Brazil) was performed (356 rpm on 3.8 cm area by the toothbrush - Soft Tek) for 1, 7, 15, and 30 days. PHS remained in contact with specimens for 15 min. The specimens were evaluated before and after tooth brushing for color alteration (Easy Shade, VITA), and surface roughness (Model SJ-201P Mitutoyo), and Knoop microhardness (HMV-2, Shimadzu Corporation). For the in situ analyses, 8 participants were recruited and received an intraoral device with 6 fragments of bovine enamel (6 × 6 × 2 mm). The properties evaluated were the same as those of the in vitro study. Participants were randomized following best results of in vitro tested protocols, for 15 days: TB, TB + S, I + TB. Data obtained by in vitro (two-way ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05) and in situ (one-way ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05) studies were analyzed.
The in vitro study showed that greater color change was found after 30 days. The greatest differences in surface roughness occurred between the initial value and after 1 day. Regarding microhardness, the highest values occurred after 15 and 30 days, which showed similar results. The in situ study showed greater color changes for the TB and I + TB, and greater surface roughness changes for TB as well as a similar increase in microhardness for the PHS protocols, which were higher than TB.
Phytosphingosine leads to an increase in performance regarding color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness when applied. In general, the application of PHS after brushing showed a positive impact on its performance.
Phytosphingosine proved to be interesting for compound prevention formulations in the dentistry field.
本研究评估了与刷牙联合使用的植物鞘氨醇（PHS）对牙釉质的颜色稳定性、表面粗糙度和显微硬度的体外和体内效应。
将 64 个牛牙样本（6×6×2mm）分为 8 组（n=8）：S+TB：PHS（喷雾）+刷牙；TB+S：刷牙+PHS（喷雾）；I+TB：PHS（浸泡）+刷牙；TB+I：刷牙+PHS（浸泡）；TB：刷牙；S：PHS 喷雾；I：浸泡在 PHS 溶液中，唾液：浸泡在唾液中。进行刷牙模拟（Mavtec，巴西）（牙刷以 356rpm 在 3.8cm 区域进行 30 秒 - SoftTek），持续 1、7、15 和 30 天。PHS 与标本接触 15 分钟。刷牙前后对标本进行颜色变化（Easy Shade，VITA）、表面粗糙度（Mitutoyo Model SJ-201P）和显微硬度（HMV-2，岛津公司）评估。对于体内分析，招募了 8 名参与者，并在每个参与者的口腔内装置上放置了 6 个牛牙釉质碎片（6×6×2mm）。评估的特性与体外研究相同。参与者根据最佳的体外测试方案进行随机分组，持续 15 天：TB、TB+S、I+TB。通过体外（双向方差分析，Tukey，p<0.05）和体内（单向方差分析，Tukey，p<0.05）研究分析获得的数据。
体外研究显示，30 天后颜色变化更大。表面粗糙度的最大差异发生在初始值和第 1 天之间。至于显微硬度，第 15 天和第 30 天的数值最高，结果相似。体内研究显示，TB 和 I+TB 的颜色变化更大，TB 的表面粗糙度变化更大，PHS 方案的显微硬度也类似增加，均高于 TB。
应用 PHs 可提高颜色稳定性、表面粗糙度和显微硬度等方面的性能。一般来说，刷牙后应用 PHS 对其性能有积极影响。
植物鞘氨醇被证明是牙科领域化合物预防制剂的一个有趣选择。
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