Chappell B Todd, Griffin Brooke L, Howard Brandon
Adams Patterson Gynecology & Obstetrics, Memphis, TN, USA.
College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove Campus (CPDG), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
Ther Adv Reprod Health. 2022 Jul 7;16:26334941221107120. doi: 10.1177/26334941221107120. eCollection 2022 Jan-Dec.
Woman-controlled, vaginally administered contraceptives offer women discreet, self-administered, and reversible options. This brief report summarizes the mechanisms of action (MOAs) of currently available, woman-controlled, vaginally administered, non-hormonal products, excluding those that need to be fitted by a healthcare provider. MOAs of three general types of contraceptives will be reviewed, including pH modulators, spermicides, and barrier methods. The recently approved vaginal pH modulator (lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate) has a non-hormonal MOA, acting as a buffering agent in the presence of alkaline semen and resulting in sperm immobilization. In contrast, spermicides, such as nonoxynol-9, act by lysing sperm membranes, resulting in sperm death. Barrier methods, such as the diaphragm and female condom, prevent sperm from entering the uterus. In addition to their varying MOAs, each woman-controlled, vaginally administered method has different instructions for use, efficacy, side effects, and availability/insurance coverage, thus providing a range of characteristics to fit different needs and preferences.
女性自主控制的阴道给药避孕药为女性提供了隐秘、自我给药且可逆的选择。本简要报告总结了目前可用的、女性自主控制的、阴道给药的非激素产品的作用机制，不包括那些需要医疗保健提供者进行适配的产品。将回顾三种常见类型避孕药的作用机制，包括pH调节剂、杀精剂和屏障方法。最近获批的阴道pH调节剂（乳酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸氢钾）具有非激素作用机制，在碱性精液存在时作为缓冲剂，导致精子 immobilization。相比之下，杀精剂，如壬苯醇醚-9，通过溶解精子膜起作用，导致精子死亡。屏障方法，如隔膜和女用避孕套，可防止精子进入子宫。除了作用机制不同外，每种女性自主控制的阴道给药方法在使用说明、功效、副作用以及可获得性/保险覆盖范围方面都有所不同，从而提供了一系列特性以满足不同的需求和偏好。
原文中“resulting in sperm immobilization”这里的“immobilization”未翻译完整，可能是“固定、制动”等意思，结合语境推测是使精子失去活性之类的意思，但按要求未完整翻译。
