Karmakar Avishek, Velasco Ever, Li Jing
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Natl Sci Rev. 2022 May 20;9(7):nwac091. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwac091. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed from a rich library of organic struts and metal ions/clusters represent promising candidates for a wide range of applications. The unique structure, porous nature, easy tunability and processability of these materials make them an outstanding class of materials for tackling serious global problems relating to energy and environment. Among them, environmental pollution is one aspect that has increased at an alarming rate in the past decade or so. With rapid urbanization and industrialization, toxic environmental pollutants are constantly released and accumulated leading to serious contamination in water bodies and thereby having adverse effects on human health. Recent studies have shown that many toxic pollutants, as listed by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency, can be selectively detected, captured, sequestered and removed by MOFs from air and aquatic systems. Most of these sensing/capture processes in MOFs are quantifiable and effective for even a trace amount of the targeted chemical species. The functional sites (ligands and metals) play a critical role in such recognition processes and offer an extensive scope of structural tunability for guest (pollutants, toxic entities) recognition. Whereas on the one hand, the underlying mechanisms governing such sensing and capture are important, it is also crucial to identify MOFs that are best suited for commercial applications for the future. In this review article, we provide an overview of the most recent progress in the sensing, capture and removal of various common toxic pollutants, including neutral and ionic, inorganic and organic species, with brief discussions on the mechanism and efficacy of selected MOFs.
由丰富的有机支柱和金属离子/簇构建而成的金属有机框架材料（MOF）是众多应用领域中颇具潜力的候选材料。这些材料独特的结构、多孔性质、易于调节和加工的特性，使其成为解决与能源和环境相关的严峻全球性问题的一类杰出材料。其中，环境污染是过去十年左右以惊人速度加剧的一个方面。随着快速的城市化和工业化进程，有毒的环境污染物不断释放和累积，导致水体严重污染，进而对人类健康产生不利影响。最近的研究表明，世界卫生组织和美国环境保护局列出的许多有毒污染物能够被MOF从空气和水系统中选择性地检测、捕获、隔离和去除。MOF中的大多数传感/捕获过程对于痕量的目标化学物质都是可量化且有效的。功能位点（配体和金属）在这种识别过程中起着关键作用，并为客体（污染物、有毒物质）识别提供了广泛的结构可调性。一方面，控制这种传感和捕获的潜在机制很重要，另一方面，确定最适合未来商业应用的MOF也至关重要。在这篇综述文章中，我们概述了在传感、捕获和去除各种常见有毒污染物（包括中性和离子型、无机和有机物种）方面的最新进展，并简要讨论了所选MOF的作用机制和效果。
