de Freitas Marta Helena, Leal Miriam Martins, Nwora Emmanuel Ifeka
"Religion, Mental Health and Culture" Laboratory, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
Brasilia Maternal-Infant Hospital, Department of Neonatology and Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 27;13:893780. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893780. eCollection 2022.
As a continuation of the previous paper, , published in this research topic, this second paper aims at delving deeper into the same theme, but now from a simultaneously practical and conceptual approach. With that in mind, we revisit three theoretical models based on evidence, through which we can understand the role of a miracle in hospital settings and assess its impact in health contexts. For each of the models described, we seek to illustrate the possible outcomes of belief in miracles as a modality of religious coping in situations of stress and suffering experienced by patients and caregivers in the face of gloomy diagnoses on coming across the limits of medicine to revert certain illnesses (e.g., child cancer) or biological conditions (e.g., fetal malformation). We posit that the judgment about how such a mechanism is healthy or not for each of the people involved (patient, caregiver, and/or health professional) depends on the modulation between the conception of the miracle adopted by the patient and/or caregiver and the concrete outcomes of the way of responding to the situations that accompany the gravity of the illness or condition. To better understand this process of psychological modulation that accompanies belief in miracles, we revisit the concepts of spirituality, religiosity, and religion, pointing out the connections and distinctions between them from a phenomenological perspective. We then present a conceptual model that takes these connections and distinctions into consideration to foster an understanding of miracles, their relations with the diversity of experiences of people who meet in hospital settings (patients, caregivers, and health professionals), and their respective impacts on healthcare.
作为发表于本研究主题的上一篇论文的延续，第二篇论文旨在更深入地探讨同一主题，但此次采用的是兼具实践性和概念性的方法。考虑到这一点，我们重新审视了三个基于证据的理论模型，通过这些模型，我们可以理解奇迹在医院环境中的作用，并评估其在健康背景下的影响。对于所描述的每个模型，我们试图阐明相信奇迹作为一种宗教应对方式，在患者和护理人员面对诸如儿童癌症等绝症诊断或胎儿畸形等生物状况，因遭遇医学在逆转某些疾病（如儿童癌症）或生物状况（如胎儿畸形）方面的局限而经历压力和痛苦的情况下，可能产生的结果。我们认为，对于每个相关人员（患者、护理人员和/或医护人员）而言，判断这种机制是否健康，取决于患者和/或护理人员所采用的奇迹概念与应对伴随疾病或状况严重性的各种情况的具体方式所产生的实际结果之间的调节。为了更好地理解伴随对奇迹的信仰而产生的这种心理调节过程，我们重新审视灵性、宗教虔诚和宗教的概念，从现象学角度指出它们之间的联系和区别。然后，我们提出一个概念模型，该模型考虑到这些联系和区别，以促进对奇迹的理解、它们与在医院环境中相遇的人们（患者、护理人员和医护人员）的多样经历之间的关系，以及它们对医疗保健各自产生的影响。
