Neurology Department, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Evidence-Based Department, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2023 Mar;273(2):335-345. doi: 10.1007/s00406-022-01459-9. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Few studies have examined the psychological impact on adolescents of family confinement and infection exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these surveys lacked follow-up data to determine how the family confinement affects participants' depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological status and related risk and protective factors of adolescents after two months of family confinement for preventing COVID-19 in China, and compare them with baseline data. We surveyed teenagers in January 2020 before the COVID-19 outbreak (T1) and after home confinement (T2). We used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). 13,637 valid questionnaires were collected at T1, of which 22.34% reported depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and 14.42% reported anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 10). At T2, the rates decreased to 14.86 and 7.44%, respectively (all P < 0.0001). Of the adolescents, 223 reported potential risk of exposure to COVID-19. We then compared them to the 9639 non-risk adolescents using a propensity score matching analysis. The adolescents with potential exposure risk had higher rates of depression (26.91 vs 15.32%, P = 0.0035) and anxiety (14.80 vs 7.21%, P = 0.01) than risk-free adolescents. Among adolescents with an exposure risk, psychological resilience was protective in preventing depression and anxiety symptoms, while emotional abuse, a poor parent-child relationship were risk factors. Long-term home confinement had minimal psychological impact on adolescents, but COVID-19 infection rates accounted for 50% of the variance in depression and anxiety among adolescents even with low community rates.
目前鲜有研究调查青少年在新冠疫情期间家庭隔离和感染暴露对其心理的影响。然而，这些调查缺乏随访数据来确定家庭隔离如何影响参与者的抑郁和焦虑。本研究旨在评估中国青少年在新冠疫情期间家庭隔离两个月后的心理状况及其相关风险和保护因素，并与基线数据进行比较。我们于 2020 年 1 月（新冠疫情爆发前）和家庭隔离后（T2）对青少年进行了调查。我们使用患者健康问卷（PHQ）、广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）量表和童年创伤问卷（CTQ）。T1 共收集到 13637 份有效问卷，其中 22.34%报告有抑郁症状（PHQ-9≥10），14.42%报告有焦虑症状（GAD-7≥10）。T2 时，上述比例分别降至 14.86%和 7.44%（均 P<0.0001）。在青少年中，有 223 人报告有新冠感染潜在风险。然后，我们将他们与 9639 名无风险青少年进行倾向性评分匹配分析。有潜在暴露风险的青少年抑郁（26.91%比 15.32%，P=0.0035）和焦虑（14.80%比 7.21%，P=0.01）的发生率均高于无风险青少年。在有暴露风险的青少年中，心理弹性可预防抑郁和焦虑症状，而情绪虐待、亲子关系不良则是风险因素。长期家庭隔离对青少年的心理影响较小，但新冠感染率占青少年抑郁和焦虑的 50%，即使社区感染率较低也是如此。
