Quitting while you're ahead: Patch foraging and temporal cognition.

Theoretical models of foraging are based on the maximization of food intake rate. Remarkably, foragers often hew close to the predictions of rate maximization, except for a frequently observed bias to remain in patches for too long. By sticking with depleting options beyond the optimal patch residence time-a phenomenon referred to as overharvesting or overstaying-foragers miss out on food they could have earned had they sought a new option elsewhere. Here, we review potential causes of overstaying and consider the role that temporal cognition might play in this phenomenon. We first consider how an explicit, internal sense of time might inform foraging behaviors, and next examine patch-leaving choices from the perspective of intertemporal decision-making. Finally, we identify promising areas for future research that will provide a better understanding of how foraging decisions are made, and what factors drive the tendency to overharvest patches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).