Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya-Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.
Rheumatology and Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya-Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2022 Jul;42(7):329-335. doi: 10.1089/jir.2021.0218.
The purpose of this study was to observe the role of vitamin D levels with T helper 1 (Th1)-type cytokines, such as interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) efficacy, in those who had already received 2 injections of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) vaccines (CoronaVac). We also observed if these cytokines played any significance in the CoronaVac effectiveness for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) infection. One hundred ninety-four volunteers were monitored for 8 months upon receiving 2 inactivated SARS-CoV2 vaccination injections (CoronaVac, Sinovac Life Sciences). The rate of confirmed Covid-19 infections was the primary outcome. Six to 7 weeks after the second vaccine injection, and blood samples were obtained to measure the serum vitamin D, IFN-γ, and IL-12 levels. Low vitamin D level was defined if vitamin D level <30 ng/mL. Subjects with low vitamin D had lower IFN-γ and IL-12 levels ( = 0.04 and = 0.04, respectively). The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed that the area under curve for IFN-γ was 0.59, whereas IL-12 was 0.59 for predicting the low vitamin D levels. During follow-up, a higher incidence of Covid-19 infections was observed in subjects with low IFN-γ levels ( = 0.03). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the cumulative hazard of confirmed Covid-19 cases was increased in subjects with low IFN-γ levels (log-rank test, = 0.03). We concluded that lower vitamin D level was correlated with a lower Th1 immune response, whereas the adequate IFN-γ level was required to obtain better CoronaVac effectiveness.
本研究旨在观察维生素 D 水平与辅助性 T 细胞 1（Th1）型细胞因子（如干扰素 γ（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素-12（IL-12））疗效之间的关系，这些患者已经接受了 2 剂灭活的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV2）疫苗（科兴中维）。我们还观察了这些细胞因子在预防 2019 年冠状病毒病（Covid-19）感染方面对科兴中维疫苗有效性的影响。194 名志愿者在接受 2 剂灭活 SARS-CoV2 疫苗（科兴中维，科兴生物）接种后监测 8 个月。主要观察指标为确诊的 Covid-19 感染率。在第 2 次疫苗接种后 6-7 周，采集血样测量血清维生素 D、IFN-γ 和 IL-12 水平。如果维生素 D 水平<30ng/ml，则定义为低维生素 D 水平。低维生素 D 组的 IFN-γ 和 IL-12 水平较低（=0.04 和=0.04）。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示，IFN-γ 的曲线下面积为 0.59，而 IL-12 的曲线下面积为 0.59，用于预测低维生素 D 水平。随访期间，低 IFN-γ 水平的患者 Covid-19 感染发生率较高（=0.03）。Kaplan-Meier 生存分析显示，低 IFN-γ 水平的患者确诊 Covid-19 病例的累积风险增加（对数秩检验，=0.03）。我们的结论是，较低的维生素 D 水平与较低的 Th1 免疫反应相关，而获得更好的科兴中维疫苗有效性则需要足够的 IFN-γ 水平。
