Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis Research Hospital (IRCCS), Castellana Grotte, Italy.
Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area - (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.
Front Immunol. 2022 Dec 19;13:1038316. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038316. eCollection 2022.
Existing data indicate an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased severity of respiratory distress due to COVID-19 infection, especially in high-risk populations. To date, the effect of vitamin D on immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been investigated solely in young healthcare workers in a few studies, yielding conflicting findings, yet highlighting that the response to immunization is inversely related to age. Vitamin D status can potentially influence the antibody titers in people with a previous (or naïve) SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, given its role in immune regulatory functions. From this standpoint, vitamin D supplementation can help reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 severity/mortality and rebalance immunological function, particularly in subjects with vigorous T lymphocyte responses to COVID-19. However, more research is needed to establish a correlation between vitamin D status and the generation of protective serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
现有数据表明，维生素 D 缺乏与 COVID-19 感染引起的呼吸窘迫严重程度增加有关，尤其是在高危人群中。迄今为止，只有少数研究调查了维生素 D 对 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗免疫原性的影响，结果相互矛盾，但强调了免疫反应与年龄呈反比。鉴于维生素 D 在免疫调节功能中的作用，其在既往（或初次）SARS-CoV-2 感染和疫苗接种人群中的抗体滴度可能会受到影响。从这个角度来看，维生素 D 补充剂可以帮助降低 SARS-CoV-2 感染、COVID-19 严重程度/死亡率的风险，并重新平衡免疫功能，特别是在 COVID-19 引起强烈 T 淋巴细胞反应的人群中。然而，还需要更多的研究来建立维生素 D 状态与 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种产生保护性血清反应之间的相关性。
