National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
State Environmental Protection Antibiotic Mycelial Dreg Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Center, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili 835007, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 15;309:119746. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119746. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
The removal efficiency of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is the biggest challenge for the treatment of erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR). In the current research, 0% (control), 10% (T1), and 30% (T2) spray-dried EFR were composted with bulking materials, consisting of cattle manure and maize straw, for 30 days. Environmental factors and bacterial community on the behaviors of ARGs were further investigated. Apart from the high levels of erythromycin, the electrical conductivities were also increased by 66.7% and 291.7% in the samples of T1 and T2, respectively. After 30 days of composting, total ARGs in the samples of control were decreased by 78.1%-91.2%, but those of T1 and T2 were increased 14.5-16.7- and 38.5-68.7-fold. ARGs related to ribosomal protection (erm) dominated the samples of T1 and T2 at D 13 and 30, especially that ermF accounted for more than 80% of the total ARGs. Furthermore, the results of bacterial community revealed that EFR promoted the growth of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, but inhibited that of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi. Network analysis revealed that the enriched ARGs had strong correlation with seven bacterial genera, including Halomonas, Oceanobacillus, and Alcaligenes, most of which are halotolerant. Above all, erythromycin combined with high salinity can have synergistic effect on the enrichment of ARGs and their hosts.
抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的去除效率是处理红霉素发酵残渣（EFR）的最大挑战。在当前的研究中，将 0%（对照）、10%（T1）和 30%（T2）喷雾干燥的 EFR 与包括牛粪和玉米秸秆在内的膨胀材料进行堆肥，时间为 30 天。进一步研究了环境因素和细菌群落对 ARGs 行为的影响。除了高浓度的红霉素外，T1 和 T2 样品的电导率分别增加了 66.7%和 291.7%。经过 30 天的堆肥，对照样品中的总 ARGs 减少了 78.1%-91.2%，但 T1 和 T2 样品中的 ARGs 分别增加了 14.5-16.7-和 38.5-68.7 倍。与核糖体保护（erm）相关的 ARGs 在 T1 和 T2 样品中占主导地位，在 D13 和 30 时，特别是 ermF 占总 ARGs 的比例超过 80%。此外，细菌群落的结果表明，EFR 促进了变形菌门和拟杆菌门的生长，但抑制了放线菌门、疣微菌门和绿弯菌门的生长。网络分析显示，富集的 ARGs 与包括海洋杆菌属、海洋单胞菌属和产碱杆菌属在内的 7 个细菌属具有很强的相关性，其中大多数是耐盐的。总之，红霉素与高盐度相结合对 ARGs 及其宿主的富集具有协同作用。
