LUNEX University, International University of Health, Exercise & Sports S.A. 50, Department of Physiotherapy, Differdange, Luxembourg; LUNEX ASBL Luxembourg Health & Sport Sciences Research Institute, Differdange, Luxembourg; Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physical Therapy, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
University of Milan, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2022 Nov;305:103943. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103943. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Despite the relevant presence of nonlinear components on heart period (HP) likely due to cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC), the HP is frequently analyzed in absence of concomitant recordings of respiratory movements (RESP). This study aims to assess the cardiovascular dynamics and CRC during postural challenge in athletes and non-athletes via joint symbolic analysis (JSA).
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 men, aged between 20 and 40 yrs, divided into athletes (n = 25) and non-athletes (n = 25) groups. The electrocardiogram, blood pressure and RESP signals were recorded during 15 min in both supine position (REST) and after active postural maneuver (STAND). From the beat-to-beat series of HP, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and RESP, we computed the time and frequency domain indexes and baroreflex sensitivity. The JSA was based on the definition of symbolic HP and RESP patterns and on the evaluation of the rate of their simultaneous occurrence in both HP and RESP series.
The JSA analysis was able to identify higher CRC strength at REST in athletes. Moreover, the response of CRC to STAND depended on the time scales of the analysis and was much more evident in athletes than in non-athletes, thus indicating a more reactive autonomic control in athletes.
Assessing CRC in athletes via JSA provides additional information compared to standard linear time and frequency domain tools likely due to the more relevant presence of nonlinearities in HP-RESP variability relationship.
尽管心率（HP）中存在与心肺耦合（CRC）相关的非线性成分，但在没有同时记录呼吸运动（RESP）的情况下，HP 经常被分析。本研究旨在通过联合符号分析（JSA）评估运动员和非运动员在姿势挑战期间的心血管动力学和 CRC。
在 50 名年龄在 20 至 40 岁之间的男性中进行了一项横断面研究，分为运动员（n=25）和非运动员（n=25）组。在仰卧位（REST）和主动姿势动作后（STAND）期间，记录 15 分钟的心电图、血压和 RESP 信号。从 HP 的逐拍序列、收缩压（SAP）和 RESP 中，我们计算了时间和频域指数以及压力反射敏感性。JSA 基于符号 HP 和 RESP 模式的定义以及评估它们在 HP 和 RESP 序列中同时发生的速率。
JSA 分析能够在 REST 时识别出运动员更强的 CRC 强度。此外，CRC 对 STAND 的反应取决于分析的时间尺度，在运动员中比在非运动员中更为明显，这表明运动员的自主控制更具反应性。
与标准线性时间和频域工具相比，通过 JSA 评估运动员的 CRC 提供了更多信息，这可能是由于 HP-RESP 变异性关系中存在更多的非线性。
