Department of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu 629180, India.
Department of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu 629180, India.
J Control Release. 2022 Sep;349:443-459. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.005. Epub 2022 Jul 17.
Overall, chronic injuries place considerable burden on patients and health systems. The skin injuries are exposed to inflammatory bacteria and hinder the healing process. The skin being the biggest tissue of the whole body ensures protection against microbial invasion, dehydration, and against chemical, thermal, bright radiations and mechanical agents. When injured, the skin loses its defensive purpose and the attack of bacterial types arises with the loss of protein, water, and electrolytes. Improved wound closure therapy helps to restore normal skin function by managing wounds with the help of a suitable skin replacement. According to the type of wound and its healing ability, an appropriate skin replacement system must be identified. Nanofibrous layers because of their permeable structure, their large superficial reach and their similarity with the local extracellular network serve as cutaneous substitution for dealing with deep and superficial injuries. By a diminished microbial load without infestation, scab formation and infiltration of defense cells in the initial phase, acute injuries are usually characterized. Here recovery is related with epithelialization, angiogenesis and relocation of fibroblasts. The wound becomes obstinate when microbial biofilms are developed while the immune system does not manage to eliminate the infection. Increased inflammatory process, lower deep tissue oxygenation, fibrin cuffs, fibroblastic senescence, altered angiogenesis, stalled re-epithelialization and chronic infection have been visualized. Conventional wound mending treatments for the most part falling flat to supply a great clinical result, either basically like wound epithelialization and regulation of fluid loss or practically like histological highlights that decide versatility, strength, affectability, etc. Conventional wound therapies commonly fail to offer a better medical output, like wound epithelialization and regulation of fluid reduction or physiologically like cellular features that determine durability, sensitivity, elasticity, etc. Nanotechnology may be a dependable investigation space for wound-healing treatments through their versatile physicochemical properties. Advancing nano platforms with novel solutions for curing chronicdiabetic wounds are discussed in detail that can guide further research in this sector.
总的来说，慢性损伤给患者和医疗系统带来了相当大的负担。皮肤损伤会暴露于炎症细菌，阻碍愈合过程。皮肤是人体最大的组织，可防止微生物入侵、脱水以及抵御化学、热、强光辐射和机械因素的侵害。当皮肤受伤时，它会失去防御功能，细菌类型的攻击就会出现，导致蛋白质、水和电解质的流失。通过适当的皮肤替代物来管理伤口，改善伤口闭合疗法有助于恢复正常的皮肤功能。根据伤口的类型及其愈合能力，必须确定合适的皮肤替代系统。由于纳米纤维层具有可渗透的结构、较大的表面面积以及与局部细胞外基质网络的相似性，因此可用作处理深度和浅层损伤的皮肤替代品。通过减少微生物负荷而没有感染、结痂形成和防御细胞在初始阶段的浸润，急性损伤通常具有特征。在这里，恢复与上皮化、血管生成和纤维母细胞的迁移有关。当微生物生物膜形成而免疫系统无法消除感染时，伤口就会变得顽固。增加的炎症过程、较低的深部组织氧合、纤维蛋白袖口、纤维母细胞衰老、改变的血管生成、上皮化停滞和慢性感染已经被观察到。传统的伤口修复治疗在很大程度上无法提供良好的临床效果，无论是在基本的伤口上皮化和调节液体流失方面，还是在决定柔韧性、强度、敏感性等方面的实际组织学特征方面。传统的伤口治疗方法通常无法提供更好的医疗效果，例如伤口上皮化和调节液体减少，或者在生理上类似于决定耐久性、敏感性、弹性等的细胞特征。纳米技术可能是通过其灵活的物理化学特性为伤口愈合治疗提供可靠的研究空间。详细讨论了用于治疗慢性糖尿病伤口的新型纳米平台的进展，这可以为该领域的进一步研究提供指导。
