Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany.
Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2022 Dec;47(12):1009-1022. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.06.007. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Cell cycle-dependent gene transcription is tightly controlled by the retinoblastoma (RB):E2F and DREAM complexes, which repress all cell cycle genes during quiescence. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) phosphorylation of RB and DREAM allows for the expression of two gene sets. The first set of genes, with peak expression in G1/S, is activated by E2F transcription factors (TFs) and is required for DNA synthesis. The second set, with maximum expression during G2/M, is required for mitosis and is coordinated by the MuvB complex, together with B-MYB and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). In this review, we summarize the key findings that established the distinct control mechanisms regulating G1/S and G2/M gene expression in mammals and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the temporal control of these genes.
细胞周期依赖性基因转录受视网膜母细胞瘤 (RB)：E2F 和 DREAM 复合物的严格控制，该复合物在静止期抑制所有细胞周期基因。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 (CDK) 对 RB 和 DREAM 的磷酸化允许两个基因集的表达。第一组基因在 G1/S 期表达峰值最高，由 E2F 转录因子 (TF) 激活，是 DNA 合成所必需的。第二组基因在 G2/M 期表达最高，是有丝分裂所必需的，由 MuvB 复合物与 B-MYB 和叉头框 M1 (FOXM1) 共同协调。在这篇综述中，我们总结了确立哺乳动物中调节 G1/S 和 G2/M 基因表达的独特控制机制的关键发现，并讨论了对这些基因的时间控制的最新进展。
