Smith Geoffrey R, Lemos-Espinal Julio A
Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, USA Denison University Granville United States of America.
Laboratorio de Ecología-UBIPRO, FES Iztacala UNAM, Avenida los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, edo. de México, 54090, Mexico FES Iztacala UNAM Tlalnepantla Mexico.
Zookeys. 2022 Apr 20;1097:85-101. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1097.80424. eCollection 2022.
Mexico is a megadiverse country with high endemicity in its herpetofauna. We examine how species richness, proportion of state and country endemic species, and proportion of species in a category of conservation concern using listings in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and the Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) in 27 of 32 Mexican states are related to environmental and human demographic and socioeconomic variables. Amphibian and reptile species richness were positively related to latitude range and number of physiographic regions and negatively related to latitude. The proportion of state endemic amphibian species in a state was negatively related to latitude whereas no variables influenced the proportion in reptiles. The proportion of country endemics in a state was positively related to human population density and the number of physiographic regions and negatively related to per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and latitude range for amphibians; it was positively related to human population density and elevation range and negatively related to latitude range for reptiles. The proportion of amphibian species in an IUCN category of concern in a state was positively related to human population density and negatively related to latitude; for reptiles, it was negatively related to human population density. The proportion of SEMARNAT-listed species in a state was positively related to human population density for both amphibians and reptiles and negatively related to latitude range for amphibians. Our analyses found that larger macroecological patterns (e.g., latitudinal species gradient, heterogeneity-richness relationships) and human population density play important roles in determining the richness and conservation status of Mexican amphibians and reptiles.
墨西哥是一个生物多样性丰富的国家，其爬行类和两栖类动物具有高度的地方性。我们利用国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）红色名录和墨西哥环境与自然资源部（SEMARNAT）的名录，研究了墨西哥32个州中27个州的物种丰富度、州和国家特有物种比例，以及处于保护关注类别的物种比例与环境、人口统计学和社会经济变量之间的关系。两栖类和爬行类物种丰富度与纬度范围和自然地理区域数量呈正相关，与纬度呈负相关。一个州内州特有两栖类物种的比例与纬度呈负相关，而没有变量影响爬行类的比例。一个州内国家特有物种的比例与人口密度和自然地理区域数量呈正相关，与两栖类的人均国内生产总值（GDP）和纬度范围呈负相关；与爬行类的人口密度和海拔范围呈正相关，与纬度范围呈负相关。一个州内处于IUCN关注类别的两栖类物种比例与人口密度呈正相关，与纬度呈负相关；对于爬行类，它与人口密度呈负相关。一个州内被SEMARNAT列入名录的物种比例，对于两栖类和爬行类来说，都与人口密度呈正相关，与两栖类的纬度范围呈负相关。我们的分析发现，更大的宏观生态模式（如纬度物种梯度、异质性-丰富度关系）和人口密度在决定墨西哥两栖类和爬行类的丰富度和保护状况方面发挥着重要作用。
