南非东开普省农村地区糖尿病知识及相关因素：一项横断面研究。
Knowledge of diabetes and associated factors in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: A cross sectional study.
机构信息
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Global Health, Centre for Global Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 15;17(7):e0269811. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269811. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes management is complex and requires several lifestyle modifications and engagement in self-management behaviours to prevent complications and to improve health outcomes. Adequate disease knowledge is required in order to engage in appropriate self-management behaviours. Yet, patients' knowledge of diabetes and associated factors are scarcely investigated. Context-specific data on diabetes knowledge are crucial for designing appropriate interventions for improving knowledge and treatment outcomes. This study examined the level of diabetes knowledge and its associated factors among persons with diabetes in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 399 individuals attending diabetes care at six randomly selected primary healthcare facilities in Eastern Cape. Demographic data were obtained through questionnaire interviews while diabetes knowledge was assessed using the validated Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess the mean diabetes knowledge and its associated factors.
RESULTS
Participants' median age was 63 (IQR: 54-70) years, and the median diabetes duration was 6 (IQR: 3-13) years. From a total score of 20, participants' knowledge of diabetes ranged from 0 to 17 with an average score of 7.5 (SD±2.2). After controlling for relevant covariates, being employed was positively associated with higher diabetes knowledge (p<0.001). However, health facility level was negatively associated with diabetes knowledge (p = 0.001). Participants receiving care at the community healthcare centres had a lower level of diabetes knowledge compared to those receiving care at the primary healthcare clinics.
CONCLUSION
There was a low level of knowledge on the various components of diabetes management among individuals with diabetes in this setting. Therefore, context-specific interventions to improve the knowledge of diabetes is required and should target unemployed individuals and the community health centres in the region.
背景
糖尿病管理较为复杂，需要进行多项生活方式的调整，并进行自我管理行为，以预防并发症，改善健康结果。为了进行适当的自我管理行为，需要具备足够的疾病知识。然而，患者对糖尿病的了解及其相关因素很少被调查。针对糖尿病知识的特定于背景的数据对于设计适当的干预措施以改善知识和治疗结果至关重要。本研究调查了南非东开普省糖尿病患者的糖尿病知识水平及其相关因素。
方法
我们在东开普省六家随机选定的初级保健机构中对 399 名参加糖尿病护理的患者进行了横断面研究。通过问卷访谈获得人口统计学数据，使用经过验证的密歇根州糖尿病知识测试问卷评估糖尿病知识。使用描述性和推断性统计方法评估平均糖尿病知识及其相关因素。
结果
参与者的中位年龄为 63 岁（IQR：54-70 岁），中位糖尿病病程为 6 年（IQR：3-13 年）。从总分 20 分来看，患者的糖尿病知识范围为 0 至 17 分，平均得分为 7.5（SD±2.2）。在控制了相关协变量后，就业与较高的糖尿病知识呈正相关（p<0.001）。然而，医疗机构的级别与糖尿病知识呈负相关（p=0.001）。在社区医疗中心接受护理的患者的糖尿病知识水平低于在初级保健诊所接受护理的患者。
结论
在这种情况下，糖尿病患者对糖尿病管理的各个方面的知识水平较低。因此，需要针对特定于背景的干预措施来提高糖尿病知识，这些措施应针对该地区的失业人员和社区卫生中心。
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