The ductus arteriosus in neonates with critical congenital heart disease.

The ductus arteriosus (DA) has a paradoxical biological role in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) and can present with significant management challenges. Critical congenital cardiac lesions rely on the patency of the DA to provide either systemic or pulmonary blood flow. A patent DA (PDA) that remains open can also have adverse consequences depending on the degree of systemic to-pulmonary shunting and volume of ductal steal. As such, the presence of a PDA may pose a challenge in the medical management and timing of surgical repair. In this perspective article, we provide an understanding of the role of the DA in the circulatory system in neonates with CHD and discuss traditional and emerging approaches to support the pulmonary and systemic circulations with manipulation of the DA.