Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, China.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
EBioMedicine. 2022 Aug;82:104163. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104163. Epub 2022 Jul 15.
Gut microbiome has been increasingly recognized for its influence on a diverse array of human diseases including cancer, and may also influence the outcome of cancer therapies. A prime example is seen in immunotherapy, for which gut microbes determine the therapeutic responses associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in preclinical models and patient cohorts. This evidence hints that inter-individual variations in the gut microbiota may account for the significant heterogeneity in immunotherapeutic responses to ICIs. Understanding the functional role of gut microbiome in regulating not only mucosal but also systemic immunity and cancer is critical to move forward in this era of precision medicine. What's more, microbiota can be modified via several different strategies that are essential for the efforts in expanding immunotherapy efficacy. This review summarizes latest knowledge about the interactions between microbiome, host immunity and cancer, and strategies to modulate the microbiome with implications to be translated into clinic. FUNDING: This study was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2020YFA0509200/2020YFA0509203), RGC Theme-based Res Scheme Hong Kong (T21-705/20-N).
肠道微生物组因其对包括癌症在内的多种人类疾病的影响而受到越来越多的关注，它也可能影响癌症治疗的效果。在免疫疗法中就可以看到一个很好的例子，肠道微生物决定了临床前模型和患者队列中免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）相关的治疗反应。这一证据表明，肠道微生物组在个体间的差异可能是导致对 ICI 免疫治疗反应存在显著异质性的原因。了解肠道微生物组在调节黏膜和全身免疫以及癌症方面的功能作用，对于在精准医学时代取得进展至关重要。更重要的是，可以通过几种不同的策略来改变微生物组，这些策略对于提高免疫疗法的效果至关重要。本综述总结了关于微生物组、宿主免疫和癌症之间相互作用的最新知识，以及调节微生物组的策略，这些策略有望转化为临床应用。资金支持：本研究得到了中国国家重点研发计划（No. 2020YFA0509200/2020YFA0509203）和香港研究资助局主题研究计划（T21-705/20-N）的支持。
