Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Centre for Lifecourse Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Services, Sessvollmoen, Norway.
Nutr J. 2022 Jul 18;21(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s12937-022-00799-5.
The rapid neurodevelopment that occurs during the first years of life hinges on adequate nutrition throughout fetal life and early childhood. Therefore, adhering to a dietary pattern based on healthy foods during pregnancy and the first years of life may be beneficial for future development. The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between adherence to a healthy and potentially sustainable Nordic diet during pregnancy and in early childhood and child development.
This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). In 83,800 mother-child pairs, maternal pregnancy diet and child diet at 6 months, 18 months and 3 years were scored according to adherence to the New Nordic Diet (NND). NND scores were calculated both as a total score and categorized into low, medium, or high adherence. Child communication and motor development skills were reported by parents at 6 months, 18 months, 3 and 5 years, using short forms of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Child Development Inventory. Associations of NND adherence with child development were estimated with linear and logistic regression in crude and adjusted models.
When examining the NND and child developmental scores as percentages of the total scores, we found positive associations between the NND scores (both maternal pregnancy diet and child diet) and higher scoring on child development (adjusted [Formula: see text] s [95% confidence intervals] ranging from 0.007 [0.004, 0.009] to 0.045 [0.040, 0.050]). We further found that low and medium adherence to NND were associated with higher odds of later emerging developmental skills compared to high NND adherence at nearly all measured timepoints (odds ratios [95% CI] ranging from significant values 1.15 [1.03-1.29] to 1.79 [1.55, 2.06] in adjusted analyses).
Our findings support that adherence to a healthy and potentially sustainable diet early in life is important for child development every step of the way from pregnancy until age 5 years.
生命最初几年的快速神经发育依赖于胎儿期和儿童早期的充足营养。因此，在怀孕期间和儿童早期坚持健康食物为基础的饮食模式可能有益于未来的发展。本文旨在探讨孕期和儿童早期坚持健康且潜在可持续的北欧饮食与儿童发育之间的关系。
本研究基于挪威母亲、父亲和儿童队列研究（MoBa），并利用挪威医学出生登记处（MBRN）的数据。在 83800 对母婴中，根据新北欧饮食（NND）的依从性对母亲孕期饮食和儿童 6 个月、18 个月和 3 岁时的饮食进行评分。NND 评分分别作为总分和低、中、高依从性进行计算。儿童交流和运动发育技能由家长在 6 个月、18 个月、3 岁和 5 岁时使用年龄与阶段问卷和儿童发育量表的简短形式报告。在未调整和调整模型中，使用线性和逻辑回归估计 NND 依从性与儿童发育之间的关联。
当我们以总分的百分比来检查 NND 与儿童发育评分的关系时，我们发现 NND 评分（母亲孕期饮食和儿童饮食）与儿童发育评分较高呈正相关（调整后[Formula: see text] s [95%置信区间]范围为 0.007 [0.004, 0.009]至 0.045 [0.040, 0.050]）。我们还发现，与高 NND 依从性相比，低和中 NND 依从性与后期出现发育技能的更高几率相关，在几乎所有测量的时间点都具有统计学意义（调整后比值比[95%CI]范围从 1.15 [1.03-1.29]到 1.79 [1.55, 2.06]）。
我们的研究结果支持生命早期坚持健康且潜在可持续的饮食对从怀孕到 5 岁的儿童发育每一步都很重要。
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