Determining photosynthetic control, a probe for the balance between electron transport and Calvin-Benson cycle activity, with the DUAL-KLAS-NIR.

Photosynthetic Control is defined as the control imposed on photosynthetic electron transport by the lumen-pH-sensitive re-oxidation of plastoquinol (PQH) by cytochrome bf. Photosynthetic Control leads at higher actinic light intensities to an electron transport chain with a (relatively) reduced photosystem (PS) II and PQ pool and a (relatively) oxidized PS I. Making Light Curves of more than 33 plant species with the recently introduced DUAL-KLAS-NIR (Chl a fluorescence + the redox states of plastocyanin (PC), P700, and ferredoxin (Fd)) the light intensity-dependent induction of Photosynthetic Control was probed and characterized. It was observed that PC became completely oxidized at light intensities ≤ 400 µmol photons m s (at lower light intensities in shade than in sun leaves). The relationship between qP and P700(red) was used to determine the extent of Photosynthetic Control. Instead of measuring the whole Light Curve, it was shown that a single moderate light intensity can be used to characterize the status of a leaf relative to that of other leaves. It was further found that in some shade-acclimated leaves Fd becomes again more oxidized at high light intensities indicating that electron transfer from the PQ pool to P700 cannot keep up with the outflow of electrons on the acceptor side of PS I. It was observed as well that for NPQ-induction a lower light intensity (less acidified lumen) was needed than for the induction of Photosynthetic Control. The measurements were also used to make a comparison between the parameters qP and qL, a comparison suggesting that qP was the more relevant parameter.