Jia Weili, Zhang Tianchen, Yao Qianyun, Li Jianhui, Nie Ye, Lei Xinjun, Mao Zhenzhen, Wang Yanfang, Shi Wen, Song Wenjie
Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 29;13:870458. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870458. eCollection 2022.
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized aggregates of immune cells found in the tumor microenvironment. TLS can influence primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) occurrence and have an active role in cancer. TLS can promote or inhibit the growth of PHC depending on their location, and although available findings are controversial, they suggest that TLS have a protective role in PHC tissues and a non-protective role in paracancerous tissues. In addition, the cellular composition of TLS can also influence the outcome of PHC. As an immunity marker, TLS can act as a marker of immunotherapy to predict its effect and help to identify patients who will respond well to immunotherapy. Modulation of TLS formation through the use of chemokines/cytokines, immunotherapy, or induction of high endothelial vein to interfere with tumor growth has been studied extensively in PHC and other cancers. In addition, new tools such as genetic interventions, cellular crosstalk, preoperative radiotherapy, and advances in materials science have been shown to influence the prognosis of malignant tumors by modulating TLS production. These can also be used to develop PHC treatment.
三级淋巴结构（TLSs）是在肿瘤微环境中发现的免疫细胞的有组织聚集体。TLS可影响原发性肝癌（PHC）的发生，并在癌症中发挥积极作用。TLS根据其位置可促进或抑制PHC的生长，尽管现有研究结果存在争议，但表明TLS在PHC组织中具有保护作用，而在癌旁组织中具有非保护作用。此外，TLS的细胞组成也会影响PHC的预后。作为一种免疫标志物，TLS可作为免疫治疗的标志物来预测其效果，并有助于识别对免疫治疗反应良好的患者。通过使用趋化因子/细胞因子、免疫治疗或诱导高内皮静脉来调节TLS形成以干扰肿瘤生长，这在PHC和其他癌症中已得到广泛研究。此外，诸如基因干预、细胞间相互作用、术前放疗以及材料科学进展等新工具已显示可通过调节TLS产生来影响恶性肿瘤的预后。这些也可用于开发PHC治疗方法。
