Sánchez-Bermúdez Maria, Del Pozo Juan C, Pernas Mónica
Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jul 1;13:918537. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918537. eCollection 2022.
Climate change is a major threat to crop productivity that negatively affects food security worldwide. Increase in global temperatures are usually accompanied by drought, flooding and changes in soil nutrients composition that dramatically reduced crop yields. Against the backdrop of climate change, human population increase and subsequent rise in food demand, finding new solutions for crop adaptation to environmental stresses is essential. The effects of single abiotic stress on crops have been widely studied, but in the field abiotic stresses tend to occur in combination rather than individually. Physiological, metabolic and molecular responses of crops to combined abiotic stresses seem to be significantly different to individual stresses. Although in recent years an increasing number of studies have addressed the effects of abiotic stress combinations, the information related to the root system response is still scarce. Roots are the underground organs that directly contact with the soil and sense many of these abiotic stresses. Understanding the effects of abiotic stress combinations in the root system would help to find new breeding tools to develop more resilient crops. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of combined abiotic stress in the root system in crops. First, we will provide a general overview of root responses to particular abiotic stresses. Then, we will describe how these root responses are integrated when crops are challenged to the combination of different abiotic stress. We will focus on the main changes on root system architecture (RSA) and physiology influencing crop productivity and yield and convey the latest information on the key molecular, hormonal and genetic regulatory pathways underlying root responses to these combinatorial stresses. Finally, we will discuss possible directions for future research and the main challenges needed to be tackled to translate this knowledge into useful tools to enhance crop tolerance.
气候变化是作物生产力面临的重大威胁，对全球粮食安全产生负面影响。全球气温升高通常伴随着干旱、洪水以及土壤养分组成的变化，这些都会大幅降低作物产量。在气候变化、人口增长以及随之而来的粮食需求增加的背景下，寻找作物适应环境胁迫的新解决方案至关重要。单一非生物胁迫对作物的影响已得到广泛研究，但在田间，非生物胁迫往往是综合发生而非单独出现。作物对复合非生物胁迫的生理、代谢和分子反应似乎与单一胁迫有显著差异。尽管近年来越来越多的研究探讨了非生物胁迫组合的影响，但与根系反应相关的信息仍然匮乏。根系是直接与土壤接触并感知许多此类非生物胁迫的地下器官。了解非生物胁迫组合对根系的影响将有助于找到新的育种工具，培育出更具抗逆性的作物。本综述将总结当前关于复合非生物胁迫对作物根系影响的知识。首先，我们将概述根系对特定非生物胁迫的反应。然后，我们将描述当作物受到不同非生物胁迫组合挑战时，这些根系反应是如何整合的。我们将重点关注影响作物生产力和产量的根系结构（RSA）和生理的主要变化，并传达关于根系对这些复合胁迫反应的关键分子、激素和遗传调控途径的最新信息。最后，我们将讨论未来研究的可能方向以及将这些知识转化为提高作物耐受性的有用工具所需应对的主要挑战。
